Cargando…
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic auxin used as a herbicide to control weeds in agriculture. A high concentration of 2,4-D promotes leaf epinasty and cell death. In this work, the molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of this herbicide are studied by analysing in Arabidop...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913628 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru237 |
_version_ | 1782332074258071552 |
---|---|
author | Rodríguez-Serrano, M. Pazmiño, D. M. Sparkes, I. Rochetti, A. Hawes, C. Romero-Puertas, M. C. Sandalio, L. M. |
author_facet | Rodríguez-Serrano, M. Pazmiño, D. M. Sparkes, I. Rochetti, A. Hawes, C. Romero-Puertas, M. C. Sandalio, L. M. |
author_sort | Rodríguez-Serrano, M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic auxin used as a herbicide to control weeds in agriculture. A high concentration of 2,4-D promotes leaf epinasty and cell death. In this work, the molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of this herbicide are studied by analysing in Arabidopsis plants the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and their effect on cytoskeleton structure and peroxisome dynamics. 2,4-D (23mM) promotes leaf epinasty, whereas this process was prevented by EDTA, which can reduce ·OH accumulation. The analysis of ROS accumulation by confocal microscopy showed a 2,4-D-dependent increase in both H(2)O(2) and O(2)·(–), whereas total NO was not affected by the treatment. The herbicide promotes disturbances on the actin cytoskeleton structure as a result of post-translational modification of actin by oxidation and S-nitrosylation, which could disturb actin polymerization, as suggested by the reduction of the F-actin/G-actin ratio. These effects were reduced by EDTA, and the reduction of ROS production in Arabidopsis mutants deficient in xanthine dehydrogenase (Atxdh) gave rise to a reduction in actin oxidation. Also, 2,4-D alters the dynamics of the peroxisome, slowing the speed and shortening the distances by which these organelles are displaced. It is concluded that 2,4-D promotes oxidative and nitrosative stress, causing disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton, thereby affecting the dynamics of peroxisomes and some other organelles such as the mitochondria, with xanthine dehydrogenase being involved in ROS production under these conditions. These structural changes in turn appear to be responsible for the leaf epinasty. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4144765 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41447652014-08-27 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics Rodríguez-Serrano, M. Pazmiño, D. M. Sparkes, I. Rochetti, A. Hawes, C. Romero-Puertas, M. C. Sandalio, L. M. J Exp Bot Research Paper 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic auxin used as a herbicide to control weeds in agriculture. A high concentration of 2,4-D promotes leaf epinasty and cell death. In this work, the molecular mechanisms involved in the toxicity of this herbicide are studied by analysing in Arabidopsis plants the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), and their effect on cytoskeleton structure and peroxisome dynamics. 2,4-D (23mM) promotes leaf epinasty, whereas this process was prevented by EDTA, which can reduce ·OH accumulation. The analysis of ROS accumulation by confocal microscopy showed a 2,4-D-dependent increase in both H(2)O(2) and O(2)·(–), whereas total NO was not affected by the treatment. The herbicide promotes disturbances on the actin cytoskeleton structure as a result of post-translational modification of actin by oxidation and S-nitrosylation, which could disturb actin polymerization, as suggested by the reduction of the F-actin/G-actin ratio. These effects were reduced by EDTA, and the reduction of ROS production in Arabidopsis mutants deficient in xanthine dehydrogenase (Atxdh) gave rise to a reduction in actin oxidation. Also, 2,4-D alters the dynamics of the peroxisome, slowing the speed and shortening the distances by which these organelles are displaced. It is concluded that 2,4-D promotes oxidative and nitrosative stress, causing disturbances in the actin cytoskeleton, thereby affecting the dynamics of peroxisomes and some other organelles such as the mitochondria, with xanthine dehydrogenase being involved in ROS production under these conditions. These structural changes in turn appear to be responsible for the leaf epinasty. Oxford University Press 2014-09 2014-06-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4144765/ /pubmed/24913628 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru237 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Rodríguez-Serrano, M. Pazmiño, D. M. Sparkes, I. Rochetti, A. Hawes, C. Romero-Puertas, M. C. Sandalio, L. M. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics |
title | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics |
title_full | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics |
title_fullStr | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics |
title_full_unstemmed | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics |
title_short | 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes S-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics |
title_sort | 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid promotes s-nitrosylation and oxidation of actin affecting cytoskeleton and peroxisomal dynamics |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4144765/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913628 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eru237 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT rodriguezserranom 24dichlorophenoxyaceticacidpromotessnitrosylationandoxidationofactinaffectingcytoskeletonandperoxisomaldynamics AT pazminodm 24dichlorophenoxyaceticacidpromotessnitrosylationandoxidationofactinaffectingcytoskeletonandperoxisomaldynamics AT sparkesi 24dichlorophenoxyaceticacidpromotessnitrosylationandoxidationofactinaffectingcytoskeletonandperoxisomaldynamics AT rochettia 24dichlorophenoxyaceticacidpromotessnitrosylationandoxidationofactinaffectingcytoskeletonandperoxisomaldynamics AT hawesc 24dichlorophenoxyaceticacidpromotessnitrosylationandoxidationofactinaffectingcytoskeletonandperoxisomaldynamics AT romeropuertasmc 24dichlorophenoxyaceticacidpromotessnitrosylationandoxidationofactinaffectingcytoskeletonandperoxisomaldynamics AT sandaliolm 24dichlorophenoxyaceticacidpromotessnitrosylationandoxidationofactinaffectingcytoskeletonandperoxisomaldynamics |