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Morphological Identification and Development of Neurite in Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Neuropil
In Drosophila, ventral nerve cord (VNC) occupies most of the larval central nervous system (CNS). However, there is little literature elaborating upon the specific types and growth of neurites as defined by their structural appearance in Drosophila larval VNC neuropil. Here we report the ultrastruct...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148333/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25166897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105497 |
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author | Gan, Guangming Lv, Huihui Xie, Wei |
author_facet | Gan, Guangming Lv, Huihui Xie, Wei |
author_sort | Gan, Guangming |
collection | PubMed |
description | In Drosophila, ventral nerve cord (VNC) occupies most of the larval central nervous system (CNS). However, there is little literature elaborating upon the specific types and growth of neurites as defined by their structural appearance in Drosophila larval VNC neuropil. Here we report the ultrastructural development of different types VNC neurites in ten selected time points in embryonic and larval stages utilizing transmission electron microscopy. There are four types of axonal neurites as classified by the type of vesicular content: clear vesicle (CV) neurites have clear vesicles and some T-bar structures; Dense-core vesicle (DV) neurites have dense-core vesicles and without T-bar structures; Mixed vesicle (MV) neurites have mixed vesicles and some T-bar structures; Large vesicle (LV) neurites are dominated by large, translucent spherical vesicles but rarely display T-bar structures. We found dramatic remodeling in CV neurites which can be divided into five developmental phases. The neurite is vacuolated in primary (P) phase, they have mitochondria, microtubules or big dark vesicles in the second (S) phase, and they contain immature synaptic features in the third (T) phase. The subsequent bifurcate (B) phase appears to undergo major remodeling with the appearance of the bifurcation or dendritic growth. In the final mature (M) phase, high density of commensurate synaptic vesicles are distributed around T-bar structures. There are four kinds of morphological elaboration of the CV(I) neurite sub-types. First, new neurite produces at the end of axon. Second, new neurite bubbles along the axon. Third, the preexisting neurite buds and develops into several neurites. The last, the bundled axons form irregularly shape neurites. Most CV(I) neurites in M phase have about 1.5–3 µm diameter, they could be suitable to analyze their morphology and subcellular localization of specific proteins by light microscopy, and they could serve as a potential model in CNS in vivo development. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4148333 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41483332014-08-29 Morphological Identification and Development of Neurite in Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Neuropil Gan, Guangming Lv, Huihui Xie, Wei PLoS One Research Article In Drosophila, ventral nerve cord (VNC) occupies most of the larval central nervous system (CNS). However, there is little literature elaborating upon the specific types and growth of neurites as defined by their structural appearance in Drosophila larval VNC neuropil. Here we report the ultrastructural development of different types VNC neurites in ten selected time points in embryonic and larval stages utilizing transmission electron microscopy. There are four types of axonal neurites as classified by the type of vesicular content: clear vesicle (CV) neurites have clear vesicles and some T-bar structures; Dense-core vesicle (DV) neurites have dense-core vesicles and without T-bar structures; Mixed vesicle (MV) neurites have mixed vesicles and some T-bar structures; Large vesicle (LV) neurites are dominated by large, translucent spherical vesicles but rarely display T-bar structures. We found dramatic remodeling in CV neurites which can be divided into five developmental phases. The neurite is vacuolated in primary (P) phase, they have mitochondria, microtubules or big dark vesicles in the second (S) phase, and they contain immature synaptic features in the third (T) phase. The subsequent bifurcate (B) phase appears to undergo major remodeling with the appearance of the bifurcation or dendritic growth. In the final mature (M) phase, high density of commensurate synaptic vesicles are distributed around T-bar structures. There are four kinds of morphological elaboration of the CV(I) neurite sub-types. First, new neurite produces at the end of axon. Second, new neurite bubbles along the axon. Third, the preexisting neurite buds and develops into several neurites. The last, the bundled axons form irregularly shape neurites. Most CV(I) neurites in M phase have about 1.5–3 µm diameter, they could be suitable to analyze their morphology and subcellular localization of specific proteins by light microscopy, and they could serve as a potential model in CNS in vivo development. Public Library of Science 2014-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC4148333/ /pubmed/25166897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105497 Text en © 2014 Gan et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Gan, Guangming Lv, Huihui Xie, Wei Morphological Identification and Development of Neurite in Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Neuropil |
title | Morphological Identification and Development of Neurite in Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Neuropil |
title_full | Morphological Identification and Development of Neurite in Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Neuropil |
title_fullStr | Morphological Identification and Development of Neurite in Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Neuropil |
title_full_unstemmed | Morphological Identification and Development of Neurite in Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Neuropil |
title_short | Morphological Identification and Development of Neurite in Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord Neuropil |
title_sort | morphological identification and development of neurite in drosophila ventral nerve cord neuropil |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4148333/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25166897 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105497 |
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