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Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection in Cocaine Users: Role of Arachidonic Acid
Arachidonic acid (AA) is known to be increased in HIV infected patients and illicit drug users are linked with severity of viral replication, disease progression, and impaired immune functions. Studies have shown that cocaine accelerates HIV infection and disease progression mediated by immune cells...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149565/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25171226 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106348 |
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author | Samikkannu, Thangavel Rao, Kurapati V. K. Ding, Hong Agudelo, Marisela Raymond, Andrea D. Yoo, Changwon Nair, Madhavan P. N. |
author_facet | Samikkannu, Thangavel Rao, Kurapati V. K. Ding, Hong Agudelo, Marisela Raymond, Andrea D. Yoo, Changwon Nair, Madhavan P. N. |
author_sort | Samikkannu, Thangavel |
collection | PubMed |
description | Arachidonic acid (AA) is known to be increased in HIV infected patients and illicit drug users are linked with severity of viral replication, disease progression, and impaired immune functions. Studies have shown that cocaine accelerates HIV infection and disease progression mediated by immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) are the first line of antigen presentation and defense against immune dysfunction. However, the role of cocaine use in HIV associated acceleration of AA secretion and its metabolites on immature dendritic cells (IDC) has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of AA metabolites cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthetase (PGE(2)), thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA(2)R), cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPG), such as 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), 14-3-3 ζ/δ and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediated induction of IDC immune dysfunctions in cocaine using HIV positive patients. The plasma levels of AA, PGE(2,) 15d-PGJ2, 14-3-3 ζ/δ and IDC intracellular COX-2 and 5-LOX expression were assessed in cocaine users, HIV positive patients, HIV positive cocaine users and normal subjects. Results showed that plasma concentration levels of AA, PGE(2) and COX-2, TBXA(2)R and 5-LOX in IDCs of HIV positive cocaine users were significantly higher whereas 15d-PGJ2 and 14-3-3 ζ/δ were significantly reduced compared to either HIV positive subjects or cocaine users alone. This report demonstrates that AA metabolites are capable of mediating the accelerative effects of cocaine on HIV infection and disease progression. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4149565 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41495652014-09-03 Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection in Cocaine Users: Role of Arachidonic Acid Samikkannu, Thangavel Rao, Kurapati V. K. Ding, Hong Agudelo, Marisela Raymond, Andrea D. Yoo, Changwon Nair, Madhavan P. N. PLoS One Research Article Arachidonic acid (AA) is known to be increased in HIV infected patients and illicit drug users are linked with severity of viral replication, disease progression, and impaired immune functions. Studies have shown that cocaine accelerates HIV infection and disease progression mediated by immune cells. Dendritic cells (DC) are the first line of antigen presentation and defense against immune dysfunction. However, the role of cocaine use in HIV associated acceleration of AA secretion and its metabolites on immature dendritic cells (IDC) has not been elucidated yet. The aim of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of AA metabolites cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 synthetase (PGE(2)), thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA(2)R), cyclopentenone prostaglandins (CyPG), such as 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2), 14-3-3 ζ/δ and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) mediated induction of IDC immune dysfunctions in cocaine using HIV positive patients. The plasma levels of AA, PGE(2,) 15d-PGJ2, 14-3-3 ζ/δ and IDC intracellular COX-2 and 5-LOX expression were assessed in cocaine users, HIV positive patients, HIV positive cocaine users and normal subjects. Results showed that plasma concentration levels of AA, PGE(2) and COX-2, TBXA(2)R and 5-LOX in IDCs of HIV positive cocaine users were significantly higher whereas 15d-PGJ2 and 14-3-3 ζ/δ were significantly reduced compared to either HIV positive subjects or cocaine users alone. This report demonstrates that AA metabolites are capable of mediating the accelerative effects of cocaine on HIV infection and disease progression. Public Library of Science 2014-08-29 /pmc/articles/PMC4149565/ /pubmed/25171226 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106348 Text en © 2014 Samikkannu et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Samikkannu, Thangavel Rao, Kurapati V. K. Ding, Hong Agudelo, Marisela Raymond, Andrea D. Yoo, Changwon Nair, Madhavan P. N. Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection in Cocaine Users: Role of Arachidonic Acid |
title | Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection in Cocaine Users: Role of Arachidonic Acid |
title_full | Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection in Cocaine Users: Role of Arachidonic Acid |
title_fullStr | Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection in Cocaine Users: Role of Arachidonic Acid |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection in Cocaine Users: Role of Arachidonic Acid |
title_short | Immunopathogenesis of HIV Infection in Cocaine Users: Role of Arachidonic Acid |
title_sort | immunopathogenesis of hiv infection in cocaine users: role of arachidonic acid |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149565/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25171226 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106348 |
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