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Lacrimal Outflow Mechanisms and the Role of Scintigraphy: Current Trends

Lacrimal outflow can be compromised by anatomical obstructions or stenoses (nonfunctional epiphora) or by defective lacrimal “pump” function (functional epiphora). Although classic imaging modalities, such as X-ray dacryocystography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging can effectively...

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Autores principales: Detorakis, Efstathios T., Zissimopoulos, Athanassios, Ioannakis, Konstantinos, Kozobolis, Vassilios P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149763/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25191107
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1450-1147.138569
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author Detorakis, Efstathios T.
Zissimopoulos, Athanassios
Ioannakis, Konstantinos
Kozobolis, Vassilios P.
author_facet Detorakis, Efstathios T.
Zissimopoulos, Athanassios
Ioannakis, Konstantinos
Kozobolis, Vassilios P.
author_sort Detorakis, Efstathios T.
collection PubMed
description Lacrimal outflow can be compromised by anatomical obstructions or stenoses (nonfunctional epiphora) or by defective lacrimal “pump” function (functional epiphora). Although classic imaging modalities, such as X-ray dacryocystography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging can effectively evaluate the former, their success is much less in the evaluation of the latter. This is largely due to the fact that forced diagnostic injection of fluid into the canalicular system can overcome partial obstruction sites. On the other hand, lacrimal scintigraphy mimicks “physiological” lacrimal outflow, being performed under pressure gradients present in everyday life. This is why it is considered more suitable for the study of functional epiphora. Furthermore, quantitative lacrimal scintigraphy (with time-activity curves) enables the accurate measurement of lacrimal clearance from the conjunctival fornices and may be used to study the physiology of the lacrimal “pump.” Data obtained from the scintigraphic study of lacrimal outflow may be used to design more effective procedures in the management of functional and nonfunctional epiphora. This is a review article, based on a literature search with emphasis on recent publications and on those supporting interdisciplinary cooperation between ophthalmology and nuclear medicine.
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spelling pubmed-41497632014-09-04 Lacrimal Outflow Mechanisms and the Role of Scintigraphy: Current Trends Detorakis, Efstathios T. Zissimopoulos, Athanassios Ioannakis, Konstantinos Kozobolis, Vassilios P. World J Nucl Med Review Article Lacrimal outflow can be compromised by anatomical obstructions or stenoses (nonfunctional epiphora) or by defective lacrimal “pump” function (functional epiphora). Although classic imaging modalities, such as X-ray dacryocystography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging can effectively evaluate the former, their success is much less in the evaluation of the latter. This is largely due to the fact that forced diagnostic injection of fluid into the canalicular system can overcome partial obstruction sites. On the other hand, lacrimal scintigraphy mimicks “physiological” lacrimal outflow, being performed under pressure gradients present in everyday life. This is why it is considered more suitable for the study of functional epiphora. Furthermore, quantitative lacrimal scintigraphy (with time-activity curves) enables the accurate measurement of lacrimal clearance from the conjunctival fornices and may be used to study the physiology of the lacrimal “pump.” Data obtained from the scintigraphic study of lacrimal outflow may be used to design more effective procedures in the management of functional and nonfunctional epiphora. This is a review article, based on a literature search with emphasis on recent publications and on those supporting interdisciplinary cooperation between ophthalmology and nuclear medicine. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014 /pmc/articles/PMC4149763/ /pubmed/25191107 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1450-1147.138569 Text en Copyright: © World Journal of Nuclear Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Detorakis, Efstathios T.
Zissimopoulos, Athanassios
Ioannakis, Konstantinos
Kozobolis, Vassilios P.
Lacrimal Outflow Mechanisms and the Role of Scintigraphy: Current Trends
title Lacrimal Outflow Mechanisms and the Role of Scintigraphy: Current Trends
title_full Lacrimal Outflow Mechanisms and the Role of Scintigraphy: Current Trends
title_fullStr Lacrimal Outflow Mechanisms and the Role of Scintigraphy: Current Trends
title_full_unstemmed Lacrimal Outflow Mechanisms and the Role of Scintigraphy: Current Trends
title_short Lacrimal Outflow Mechanisms and the Role of Scintigraphy: Current Trends
title_sort lacrimal outflow mechanisms and the role of scintigraphy: current trends
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4149763/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25191107
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1450-1147.138569
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