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Analyzing the International Exergy Flow Network of Ferrous Metal Ores
This paper employs an un-weighted and weighted exergy network to study the properties of ferrous metal ores in countries worldwide and their evolution from 2002 to 2012. We find that there are few countries controlling most of the ferrous metal ore exports in terms of exergy and that the entire exer...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154736/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188407 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106617 |
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author | Qi, Hai An, Haizhong Hao, Xiaoqing Zhong, Weiqiong Zhang, Yanbing |
author_facet | Qi, Hai An, Haizhong Hao, Xiaoqing Zhong, Weiqiong Zhang, Yanbing |
author_sort | Qi, Hai |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper employs an un-weighted and weighted exergy network to study the properties of ferrous metal ores in countries worldwide and their evolution from 2002 to 2012. We find that there are few countries controlling most of the ferrous metal ore exports in terms of exergy and that the entire exergy flow network is becoming more heterogeneous though the addition of new nodes. The increasing of the average clustering coefficient indicates that the formation of an international exergy flow system and regional integration is improving. When we contrast the average out strength of exergy and the average out strength of currency, we find both similarities and differences. Prices are affected largely by human factors; thus, the growth rate of the average out strength of currency has fluctuated acutely in the eleven years from 2002 to 2012. Exergy is defined as the maximum work that can be extracted from a system and can reflect the true cost in the world, and this parameter fluctuates much less. Performing an analysis based on the two aspects of exergy and currency, we find that the network is becoming uneven. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4154736 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41547362014-09-08 Analyzing the International Exergy Flow Network of Ferrous Metal Ores Qi, Hai An, Haizhong Hao, Xiaoqing Zhong, Weiqiong Zhang, Yanbing PLoS One Research Article This paper employs an un-weighted and weighted exergy network to study the properties of ferrous metal ores in countries worldwide and their evolution from 2002 to 2012. We find that there are few countries controlling most of the ferrous metal ore exports in terms of exergy and that the entire exergy flow network is becoming more heterogeneous though the addition of new nodes. The increasing of the average clustering coefficient indicates that the formation of an international exergy flow system and regional integration is improving. When we contrast the average out strength of exergy and the average out strength of currency, we find both similarities and differences. Prices are affected largely by human factors; thus, the growth rate of the average out strength of currency has fluctuated acutely in the eleven years from 2002 to 2012. Exergy is defined as the maximum work that can be extracted from a system and can reflect the true cost in the world, and this parameter fluctuates much less. Performing an analysis based on the two aspects of exergy and currency, we find that the network is becoming uneven. Public Library of Science 2014-09-04 /pmc/articles/PMC4154736/ /pubmed/25188407 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106617 Text en © 2014 Qi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Qi, Hai An, Haizhong Hao, Xiaoqing Zhong, Weiqiong Zhang, Yanbing Analyzing the International Exergy Flow Network of Ferrous Metal Ores |
title | Analyzing the International Exergy Flow Network of Ferrous Metal Ores |
title_full | Analyzing the International Exergy Flow Network of Ferrous Metal Ores |
title_fullStr | Analyzing the International Exergy Flow Network of Ferrous Metal Ores |
title_full_unstemmed | Analyzing the International Exergy Flow Network of Ferrous Metal Ores |
title_short | Analyzing the International Exergy Flow Network of Ferrous Metal Ores |
title_sort | analyzing the international exergy flow network of ferrous metal ores |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154736/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188407 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106617 |
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