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Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview

The global emergence of Plasmodium vivax strains resistant to chloroquine (CQ) since the late 1980s is complicating the current international efforts for malaria control and elimination. Furthermore, CQ-resistant vivax malaria has already reached an alarming prevalence in Indonesia, East Timor and P...

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Autores principales: Gonçalves, Lígia Antunes, Cravo, Pedro, Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4156446/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25184999
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130579
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author Gonçalves, Lígia Antunes
Cravo, Pedro
Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano
author_facet Gonçalves, Lígia Antunes
Cravo, Pedro
Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano
author_sort Gonçalves, Lígia Antunes
collection PubMed
description The global emergence of Plasmodium vivax strains resistant to chloroquine (CQ) since the late 1980s is complicating the current international efforts for malaria control and elimination. Furthermore, CQ-resistant vivax malaria has already reached an alarming prevalence in Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. More recently, in vivo studies have documented CQ-resistant P. vivax infections in Guyana, Peru and Brazil. Here, we summarise the available data on CQ resistance across P. vivax-endemic areas of Latin America by combining published in vivo and in vitro studies. We also review the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of CQ resistance in P. vivax and the prospects for developing and standardising reliable molecular markers of drug resistance. Finally, we discuss how the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network, an international collaborative effort involving malaria experts from all continents, might contribute to the current regional efforts to map CQ-resistant vivax malaria in South America.
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spelling pubmed-41564462014-09-11 Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview Gonçalves, Lígia Antunes Cravo, Pedro Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz Articles The global emergence of Plasmodium vivax strains resistant to chloroquine (CQ) since the late 1980s is complicating the current international efforts for malaria control and elimination. Furthermore, CQ-resistant vivax malaria has already reached an alarming prevalence in Indonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea. More recently, in vivo studies have documented CQ-resistant P. vivax infections in Guyana, Peru and Brazil. Here, we summarise the available data on CQ resistance across P. vivax-endemic areas of Latin America by combining published in vivo and in vitro studies. We also review the current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of CQ resistance in P. vivax and the prospects for developing and standardising reliable molecular markers of drug resistance. Finally, we discuss how the Worldwide Antimalarial Resistance Network, an international collaborative effort involving malaria experts from all continents, might contribute to the current regional efforts to map CQ-resistant vivax malaria in South America. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde 2014-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4156446/ /pubmed/25184999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130579 Text en http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License, which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Articles
Gonçalves, Lígia Antunes
Cravo, Pedro
Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano
Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview
title Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview
title_full Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview
title_fullStr Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview
title_full_unstemmed Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview
title_short Emerging Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in South America: an overview
title_sort emerging plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine in south america: an overview
topic Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4156446/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25184999
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0074-0276130579
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