Cargando…

Socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in Britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme

OBJECTIVES: The impact of the national salt reduction programme in the UK on social inequalities is unknown. We examined spatial and socioeconomic variations in salt intake in the 2008–2011 British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and compared them with those before the programme in 2000–20...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ji, Chen, Cappuccio, Francesco P
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4156795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25161292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005683
_version_ 1782333778299977728
author Ji, Chen
Cappuccio, Francesco P
author_facet Ji, Chen
Cappuccio, Francesco P
author_sort Ji, Chen
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: The impact of the national salt reduction programme in the UK on social inequalities is unknown. We examined spatial and socioeconomic variations in salt intake in the 2008–2011 British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and compared them with those before the programme in 2000–2001. SETTING: Cross-sectional survey in Great Britain. PARTICIPANTS: 1027 Caucasian males and females, aged 19–64 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants’ dietary sodium intake measured with a 4-day food diary. Bayesian geo-additive models used to assess spatial and socioeconomic patterns of sodium intake accounting for sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural confounders. RESULTS: Dietary sodium intake varied significantly across socioeconomic groups, even when adjusting for geographical variations. There was higher dietary sodium intake in people with the lowest educational attainment (coefficient: 0.252 (90% credible intervals 0.003, 0.486)) and in low levels of occupation (coefficient: 0.109 (−0.069, 0.288)). Those with no qualification had, on average, a 5.7% (0.1%, 11.1%) higher dietary sodium intake than the reference group. Compared to 2000-2001 the gradient of dietary sodium intake from south to north was attenuated after adjustments for confounders. Estimated dietary sodium consumption from food sources (not accounting for discretionary sources) was reduced by 366 mg of sodium (∼0.9 g of salt) per day during the 10-year period, likely the effect of national salt reduction initiatives. CONCLUSIONS: Social inequalities in salt intake have not seen a reduction following the national salt reduction programme and still explain more than 5% of salt intake between more and less affluent groups. Understanding the socioeconomic pattern of salt intake is crucial to reduce inequalities. Efforts are needed to minimise the gap between socioeconomic groups for an equitable delivery of cardiovascular prevention.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4156795
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher BMJ Publishing Group
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-41567952014-09-17 Socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in Britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme Ji, Chen Cappuccio, Francesco P BMJ Open Public Health OBJECTIVES: The impact of the national salt reduction programme in the UK on social inequalities is unknown. We examined spatial and socioeconomic variations in salt intake in the 2008–2011 British National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) and compared them with those before the programme in 2000–2001. SETTING: Cross-sectional survey in Great Britain. PARTICIPANTS: 1027 Caucasian males and females, aged 19–64 years. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants’ dietary sodium intake measured with a 4-day food diary. Bayesian geo-additive models used to assess spatial and socioeconomic patterns of sodium intake accounting for sociodemographic, anthropometric and behavioural confounders. RESULTS: Dietary sodium intake varied significantly across socioeconomic groups, even when adjusting for geographical variations. There was higher dietary sodium intake in people with the lowest educational attainment (coefficient: 0.252 (90% credible intervals 0.003, 0.486)) and in low levels of occupation (coefficient: 0.109 (−0.069, 0.288)). Those with no qualification had, on average, a 5.7% (0.1%, 11.1%) higher dietary sodium intake than the reference group. Compared to 2000-2001 the gradient of dietary sodium intake from south to north was attenuated after adjustments for confounders. Estimated dietary sodium consumption from food sources (not accounting for discretionary sources) was reduced by 366 mg of sodium (∼0.9 g of salt) per day during the 10-year period, likely the effect of national salt reduction initiatives. CONCLUSIONS: Social inequalities in salt intake have not seen a reduction following the national salt reduction programme and still explain more than 5% of salt intake between more and less affluent groups. Understanding the socioeconomic pattern of salt intake is crucial to reduce inequalities. Efforts are needed to minimise the gap between socioeconomic groups for an equitable delivery of cardiovascular prevention. BMJ Publishing Group 2014-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC4156795/ /pubmed/25161292 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005683 Text en Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
spellingShingle Public Health
Ji, Chen
Cappuccio, Francesco P
Socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in Britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme
title Socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in Britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme
title_full Socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in Britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme
title_fullStr Socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in Britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme
title_full_unstemmed Socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in Britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme
title_short Socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in Britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme
title_sort socioeconomic inequality in salt intake in britain 10 years after a national salt reduction programme
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4156795/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25161292
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005683
work_keys_str_mv AT jichen socioeconomicinequalityinsaltintakeinbritain10yearsafteranationalsaltreductionprogramme
AT cappucciofrancescop socioeconomicinequalityinsaltintakeinbritain10yearsafteranationalsaltreductionprogramme