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Fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline
Lactate is a versatile metabolite with important roles in modulation of brain glucose utilization rate (CMR(glc)), diagnosis of brain-injured patients, redox- and receptor-mediated signaling, memory, and alteration of gene transcription. Neurons and astrocytes release and accumulate lactate using eq...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4158791/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25249930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00261 |
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author | Hertz, Leif Gibbs, Marie E. Dienel, Gerald A. |
author_facet | Hertz, Leif Gibbs, Marie E. Dienel, Gerald A. |
author_sort | Hertz, Leif |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lactate is a versatile metabolite with important roles in modulation of brain glucose utilization rate (CMR(glc)), diagnosis of brain-injured patients, redox- and receptor-mediated signaling, memory, and alteration of gene transcription. Neurons and astrocytes release and accumulate lactate using equilibrative monocarboxylate transporters that carry out net transmembrane transport of lactate only until intra- and extracellular levels reach equilibrium. Astrocytes have much faster lactate uptake than neurons and shuttle more lactate among gap junction-coupled astrocytes than to nearby neurons. Lactate diffusion within syncytia can provide precursors for oxidative metabolism and glutamate synthesis and facilitate its release from endfeet to perivascular space to stimulate blood flow. Lactate efflux from brain during activation underlies the large underestimation of CMR(glc) with labeled glucose and fall in CMR(O2)/CMR(glc) ratio. Receptor-mediated effects of lactate on locus coeruleus neurons include noradrenaline release in cerebral cortex and c-AMP-mediated stimulation of astrocytic gap junctional coupling, thereby enhancing its dispersal and release from brain. Lactate transport is essential for its multifunctional roles. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4158791 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41587912014-09-23 Fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline Hertz, Leif Gibbs, Marie E. Dienel, Gerald A. Front Neurosci Nutrition Lactate is a versatile metabolite with important roles in modulation of brain glucose utilization rate (CMR(glc)), diagnosis of brain-injured patients, redox- and receptor-mediated signaling, memory, and alteration of gene transcription. Neurons and astrocytes release and accumulate lactate using equilibrative monocarboxylate transporters that carry out net transmembrane transport of lactate only until intra- and extracellular levels reach equilibrium. Astrocytes have much faster lactate uptake than neurons and shuttle more lactate among gap junction-coupled astrocytes than to nearby neurons. Lactate diffusion within syncytia can provide precursors for oxidative metabolism and glutamate synthesis and facilitate its release from endfeet to perivascular space to stimulate blood flow. Lactate efflux from brain during activation underlies the large underestimation of CMR(glc) with labeled glucose and fall in CMR(O2)/CMR(glc) ratio. Receptor-mediated effects of lactate on locus coeruleus neurons include noradrenaline release in cerebral cortex and c-AMP-mediated stimulation of astrocytic gap junctional coupling, thereby enhancing its dispersal and release from brain. Lactate transport is essential for its multifunctional roles. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4158791/ /pubmed/25249930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00261 Text en Copyright © 2014 Hertz, Gibbs and Dienel. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Nutrition Hertz, Leif Gibbs, Marie E. Dienel, Gerald A. Fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline |
title | Fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline |
title_full | Fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline |
title_fullStr | Fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline |
title_full_unstemmed | Fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline |
title_short | Fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline |
title_sort | fluxes of lactate into, from, and among gap junction-coupled astrocytes and their interaction with noradrenaline |
topic | Nutrition |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4158791/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25249930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2014.00261 |
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