Cargando…

Orthogonal Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness

This paper employs uniform color space to analyze relations in dichromacy (protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia). Fifty percent or less of dichromats represent the classical reduction form of trichromacy, where one of three cones is inoperative but normal trichromatic color mixture such as complemen...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Pridmore, Ralph W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161355/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25211128
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107035
_version_ 1782334539287232512
author Pridmore, Ralph W.
author_facet Pridmore, Ralph W.
author_sort Pridmore, Ralph W.
collection PubMed
description This paper employs uniform color space to analyze relations in dichromacy (protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia). Fifty percent or less of dichromats represent the classical reduction form of trichromacy, where one of three cones is inoperative but normal trichromatic color mixture such as complementary colors (pairs that mix white) are accepted by the dichromat, whose data can thus be plotted to CIE chromaticity spaces. The remaining dichromats comprise many and varied more-complex gene arrays from mutations, recombinations, etc. Though perhaps a minority, the three reductionist types provide a simple standard, in genotype and phenotype, to which the more complex remainder may be compared. Here, previously published data on dichromacy are plotted and analyzed in CIELUV uniform color space to find spatial relations in terms of color appearance space (e.g., hue angle). Traditional residual (seen) hues for protanopia and deuteranopia (both red–green colorblindness) are yellow and blue, but analysis indicates the protanopic residual hues are more greenish yellow and reddish blue than in tradition. Results for three illuminants (D65, D50, B) imply four principles in the spatial structure of dichromacy: (1) complementarity of confusion hue pairs and of residual hue pairs; (2) orthogonality of confusion locus and residual hues locus at their intersection with the white point, in each dichromatic type; (3) orthogonality of protanopic and tritanopic confusion loci; and (4) inverse relations between protanopic and tritanopic systems generally, such that one's confusion hues are the other's residual hues. Two of the three dichromatic systems do not represent components of normal trichromatic vision as sometimes thought but are quite different. Wavelength shifts between illuminants demonstrate chromatic adaptation correlates exactly with that in trichromatic vision. In theory these results clarify relations in and between types of dichromacy. They also apply in Munsell and CIELAB color spaces but inexactly to the degree they employ inexact complementarity.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4161355
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher Public Library of Science
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-41613552014-09-17 Orthogonal Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness Pridmore, Ralph W. PLoS One Research Article This paper employs uniform color space to analyze relations in dichromacy (protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia). Fifty percent or less of dichromats represent the classical reduction form of trichromacy, where one of three cones is inoperative but normal trichromatic color mixture such as complementary colors (pairs that mix white) are accepted by the dichromat, whose data can thus be plotted to CIE chromaticity spaces. The remaining dichromats comprise many and varied more-complex gene arrays from mutations, recombinations, etc. Though perhaps a minority, the three reductionist types provide a simple standard, in genotype and phenotype, to which the more complex remainder may be compared. Here, previously published data on dichromacy are plotted and analyzed in CIELUV uniform color space to find spatial relations in terms of color appearance space (e.g., hue angle). Traditional residual (seen) hues for protanopia and deuteranopia (both red–green colorblindness) are yellow and blue, but analysis indicates the protanopic residual hues are more greenish yellow and reddish blue than in tradition. Results for three illuminants (D65, D50, B) imply four principles in the spatial structure of dichromacy: (1) complementarity of confusion hue pairs and of residual hue pairs; (2) orthogonality of confusion locus and residual hues locus at their intersection with the white point, in each dichromatic type; (3) orthogonality of protanopic and tritanopic confusion loci; and (4) inverse relations between protanopic and tritanopic systems generally, such that one's confusion hues are the other's residual hues. Two of the three dichromatic systems do not represent components of normal trichromatic vision as sometimes thought but are quite different. Wavelength shifts between illuminants demonstrate chromatic adaptation correlates exactly with that in trichromatic vision. In theory these results clarify relations in and between types of dichromacy. They also apply in Munsell and CIELAB color spaces but inexactly to the degree they employ inexact complementarity. Public Library of Science 2014-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC4161355/ /pubmed/25211128 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107035 Text en © 2014 Ralph W http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Pridmore, Ralph W.
Orthogonal Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness
title Orthogonal Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness
title_full Orthogonal Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness
title_fullStr Orthogonal Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness
title_full_unstemmed Orthogonal Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness
title_short Orthogonal Relations and Color Constancy in Dichromatic Colorblindness
title_sort orthogonal relations and color constancy in dichromatic colorblindness
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161355/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25211128
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107035
work_keys_str_mv AT pridmoreralphw orthogonalrelationsandcolorconstancyindichromaticcolorblindness