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Classification of Canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue

BACKGROUND: The Permanent Resident Database of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) contains sociodemographic information on immigrants but lacks ethnic group classifications. To enhance its usability for ethnicityrelated research, we categorized immigrants in the CIC database into one of Canada...

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Autores principales: Rezai, Mohammad R., Maclagan, Laura C., Donovan, Linda R., Tu, Jack V.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Open Medicine Publications, Inc 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161499/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237404
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author Rezai, Mohammad R.
Maclagan, Laura C.
Donovan, Linda R.
Tu, Jack V.
author_facet Rezai, Mohammad R.
Maclagan, Laura C.
Donovan, Linda R.
Tu, Jack V.
author_sort Rezai, Mohammad R.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The Permanent Resident Database of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) contains sociodemographic information on immigrants but lacks ethnic group classifications. To enhance its usability for ethnicityrelated research, we categorized immigrants in the CIC database into one of Canada's official visible minority groups or a white category using their country of birth and mother tongue. METHODS: Using public data sources, we classified each of 267 country names and 245 mother tongues in the CIC data into 1 of 10 visible minority groups (South Asian, Chinese, black, Latin American, Filipino, West Asian, Arab, Southeast Asian, Korean, and Japanese) or a white group. We then used country of birth alone (method A) or country of birth plus mother tongue (method B) to classify 2.5 million people in the CIC database who immigrated to Ontario between 1985 and 2010 and who had a valid encrypted health card number. We validated the ethnic categorizations using linked selfreported ethnicity data for 6499 people who responded to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). RESULTS: Among immigrants listed in the CIC database, the 4 most frequent visible minority groups as classified by method B were South Asian (n = 582 812), Chinese (n = 400 771), black (n = 254 189), and Latin American (n = 179 118). Methods A and B agreed in 94% of the categorizations (kappa coefficient 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–0.94). Both methods A and B agreed with self-reported CCHS ethnicity in 86% of all categorizations (for both comparisons, kappa coefficient 0.83, 95% CI 0.82–0.84). Both methods A and B had high sensitivity and specificity for most visible minority groups when validated using self-reported ethnicity from the CCHS (e.g., with method B, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 0.85 and 0.97 for South Asians, 0.93 and 0.99 for Chinese, and 0.90 and 0.97 for blacks). INTERPRETATION: The use of country of birth and mother tongue is a validated and practical method for classifying immigrants to Canada into ethnic categories.
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spelling pubmed-41614992014-09-18 Classification of Canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue Rezai, Mohammad R. Maclagan, Laura C. Donovan, Linda R. Tu, Jack V. Open Med Research BACKGROUND: The Permanent Resident Database of Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) contains sociodemographic information on immigrants but lacks ethnic group classifications. To enhance its usability for ethnicityrelated research, we categorized immigrants in the CIC database into one of Canada's official visible minority groups or a white category using their country of birth and mother tongue. METHODS: Using public data sources, we classified each of 267 country names and 245 mother tongues in the CIC data into 1 of 10 visible minority groups (South Asian, Chinese, black, Latin American, Filipino, West Asian, Arab, Southeast Asian, Korean, and Japanese) or a white group. We then used country of birth alone (method A) or country of birth plus mother tongue (method B) to classify 2.5 million people in the CIC database who immigrated to Ontario between 1985 and 2010 and who had a valid encrypted health card number. We validated the ethnic categorizations using linked selfreported ethnicity data for 6499 people who responded to the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS). RESULTS: Among immigrants listed in the CIC database, the 4 most frequent visible minority groups as classified by method B were South Asian (n = 582 812), Chinese (n = 400 771), black (n = 254 189), and Latin American (n = 179 118). Methods A and B agreed in 94% of the categorizations (kappa coefficient 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–0.94). Both methods A and B agreed with self-reported CCHS ethnicity in 86% of all categorizations (for both comparisons, kappa coefficient 0.83, 95% CI 0.82–0.84). Both methods A and B had high sensitivity and specificity for most visible minority groups when validated using self-reported ethnicity from the CCHS (e.g., with method B, sensitivity and specificity were, respectively, 0.85 and 0.97 for South Asians, 0.93 and 0.99 for Chinese, and 0.90 and 0.97 for blacks). INTERPRETATION: The use of country of birth and mother tongue is a validated and practical method for classifying immigrants to Canada into ethnic categories. Open Medicine Publications, Inc 2013-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4161499/ /pubmed/25237404 Text en © Copyright by Società Italiana di Otorinolaringologia e Chirurgia Cervico-Facciale http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License, which permits for noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any digital medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not altered in any way. For details, please refer to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/
spellingShingle Research
Rezai, Mohammad R.
Maclagan, Laura C.
Donovan, Linda R.
Tu, Jack V.
Classification of Canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue
title Classification of Canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue
title_full Classification of Canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue
title_fullStr Classification of Canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue
title_full_unstemmed Classification of Canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue
title_short Classification of Canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue
title_sort classification of canadian immigrants into visible minority groups using country of birth and mother tongue
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161499/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237404
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