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Active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells

The rice seedling blight fungus Rhizopus microsporus and its endosymbiont Burkholderia rhizoxinica form an unusual, highly specific alliance to produce the highly potent antimitotic phytotoxin rhizoxin. Yet, it has remained a riddle how bacteria invade the fungal cells. Genome mining for potential s...

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Autores principales: Moebius, Nadine, Üzüm, Zerrin, Dijksterhuis, Jan, Lackner, Gerald, Hertweck, Christian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182414
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03007
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author Moebius, Nadine
Üzüm, Zerrin
Dijksterhuis, Jan
Lackner, Gerald
Hertweck, Christian
author_facet Moebius, Nadine
Üzüm, Zerrin
Dijksterhuis, Jan
Lackner, Gerald
Hertweck, Christian
author_sort Moebius, Nadine
collection PubMed
description The rice seedling blight fungus Rhizopus microsporus and its endosymbiont Burkholderia rhizoxinica form an unusual, highly specific alliance to produce the highly potent antimitotic phytotoxin rhizoxin. Yet, it has remained a riddle how bacteria invade the fungal cells. Genome mining for potential symbiosis factors and functional analyses revealed that a type 2 secretion system (T2SS) of the bacterial endosymbiont is required for the formation of the endosymbiosis. Comparative proteome analyses show that the T2SS releases chitinolytic enzymes (chitinase, chitosanase) and chitin-binding proteins. The genes responsible for chitinolytic proteins and T2SS components are highly expressed during infection. Through targeted gene knock-outs, sporulation assays and microscopic investigations we found that chitinase is essential for bacteria to enter hyphae. Unprecedented snapshots of the traceless bacterial intrusion were obtained using cryo-electron microscopy. Beyond unveiling the pivotal role of chitinolytic enzymes in the active invasion of a fungus by bacteria, these findings grant unprecedented insight into the fungal cell wall penetration and symbiosis formation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03007.001
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spelling pubmed-41660022014-10-17 Active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells Moebius, Nadine Üzüm, Zerrin Dijksterhuis, Jan Lackner, Gerald Hertweck, Christian eLife Microbiology and Infectious Disease The rice seedling blight fungus Rhizopus microsporus and its endosymbiont Burkholderia rhizoxinica form an unusual, highly specific alliance to produce the highly potent antimitotic phytotoxin rhizoxin. Yet, it has remained a riddle how bacteria invade the fungal cells. Genome mining for potential symbiosis factors and functional analyses revealed that a type 2 secretion system (T2SS) of the bacterial endosymbiont is required for the formation of the endosymbiosis. Comparative proteome analyses show that the T2SS releases chitinolytic enzymes (chitinase, chitosanase) and chitin-binding proteins. The genes responsible for chitinolytic proteins and T2SS components are highly expressed during infection. Through targeted gene knock-outs, sporulation assays and microscopic investigations we found that chitinase is essential for bacteria to enter hyphae. Unprecedented snapshots of the traceless bacterial intrusion were obtained using cryo-electron microscopy. Beyond unveiling the pivotal role of chitinolytic enzymes in the active invasion of a fungus by bacteria, these findings grant unprecedented insight into the fungal cell wall penetration and symbiosis formation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03007.001 eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd 2014-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC4166002/ /pubmed/25182414 http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03007 Text en Copyright © 2014, Moebius et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Moebius, Nadine
Üzüm, Zerrin
Dijksterhuis, Jan
Lackner, Gerald
Hertweck, Christian
Active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells
title Active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells
title_full Active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells
title_fullStr Active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells
title_full_unstemmed Active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells
title_short Active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells
title_sort active invasion of bacteria into living fungal cells
topic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4166002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182414
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03007
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