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Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception
The cholinergic system is a potent neuromodulatory system that plays critical roles in cortical plasticity, attention and learning. In this review, we propose that the cellular effects of acetylcholine (ACh) in the primary visual cortex during the processing of visual inputs might induce perceptual...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278848 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00172 |
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author | Kang, Jun Il Huppé-Gourgues, Frédéric Vaucher, Elvire |
author_facet | Kang, Jun Il Huppé-Gourgues, Frédéric Vaucher, Elvire |
author_sort | Kang, Jun Il |
collection | PubMed |
description | The cholinergic system is a potent neuromodulatory system that plays critical roles in cortical plasticity, attention and learning. In this review, we propose that the cellular effects of acetylcholine (ACh) in the primary visual cortex during the processing of visual inputs might induce perceptual learning; i.e., long-term changes in visual perception. Specifically, the pairing of cholinergic activation with visual stimulation increases the signal-to-noise ratio, cue detection ability and long-term facilitation in the primary visual cortex. This cholinergic enhancement would increase the strength of thalamocortical afferents to facilitate the treatment of a novel stimulus while decreasing the cortico-cortical signaling to reduce recurrent or top-down modulation. This balance would be mediated by different cholinergic receptor subtypes that are located on both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of the different cortical layers. The mechanisms of cholinergic enhancement are closely linked to attentional processes, long-term potentiation (LTP) and modulation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Recently, it was found that boosting the cholinergic system during visual training robustly enhances sensory perception in a long-term manner. Our hypothesis is that repetitive pairing of cholinergic and sensory stimulation over a long period of time induces long-term changes in the processing of trained stimuli that might improve perceptual ability. Various non-invasive approaches to the activation of the cholinergic neurons have strong potential to improve visual perception. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4167004 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41670042014-10-02 Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception Kang, Jun Il Huppé-Gourgues, Frédéric Vaucher, Elvire Front Syst Neurosci Neuroscience The cholinergic system is a potent neuromodulatory system that plays critical roles in cortical plasticity, attention and learning. In this review, we propose that the cellular effects of acetylcholine (ACh) in the primary visual cortex during the processing of visual inputs might induce perceptual learning; i.e., long-term changes in visual perception. Specifically, the pairing of cholinergic activation with visual stimulation increases the signal-to-noise ratio, cue detection ability and long-term facilitation in the primary visual cortex. This cholinergic enhancement would increase the strength of thalamocortical afferents to facilitate the treatment of a novel stimulus while decreasing the cortico-cortical signaling to reduce recurrent or top-down modulation. This balance would be mediated by different cholinergic receptor subtypes that are located on both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of the different cortical layers. The mechanisms of cholinergic enhancement are closely linked to attentional processes, long-term potentiation (LTP) and modulation of the excitatory/inhibitory balance. Recently, it was found that boosting the cholinergic system during visual training robustly enhances sensory perception in a long-term manner. Our hypothesis is that repetitive pairing of cholinergic and sensory stimulation over a long period of time induces long-term changes in the processing of trained stimuli that might improve perceptual ability. Various non-invasive approaches to the activation of the cholinergic neurons have strong potential to improve visual perception. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-09-18 /pmc/articles/PMC4167004/ /pubmed/25278848 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00172 Text en Copyright © 2014 Kang, Huppé-Gourgues and Vaucher. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Kang, Jun Il Huppé-Gourgues, Frédéric Vaucher, Elvire Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception |
title | Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception |
title_full | Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception |
title_fullStr | Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception |
title_full_unstemmed | Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception |
title_short | Boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception |
title_sort | boosting visual cortex function and plasticity with acetylcholine to enhance visual perception |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167004/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278848 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2014.00172 |
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