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Regulation of Spontaneous Eosinophil Apoptosis—A Neglected Area of Importance

Asthma is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways in most phenotypes. Eosinophils are inflammatory cells that require an external survival-prolonging stimulus such as granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-5, or IL-3 for survival. In their...

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Autores principales: Ilmarinen, Pinja, Moilanen, Eeva, Kankaanranta, Hannu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Libertas Academica 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278781
http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/JCD.S13588
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author Ilmarinen, Pinja
Moilanen, Eeva
Kankaanranta, Hannu
author_facet Ilmarinen, Pinja
Moilanen, Eeva
Kankaanranta, Hannu
author_sort Ilmarinen, Pinja
collection PubMed
description Asthma is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways in most phenotypes. Eosinophils are inflammatory cells that require an external survival-prolonging stimulus such as granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-5, or IL-3 for survival. In their absence, eosinophils are programmed to die by spontaneous apoptosis in a few days. Eosinophil apoptosis can be accelerated by Fas ligation or by pharmacological agents such as glucocorticoids. Evidence exists for the relevance of these survival-prolonging and pro-apoptotic agents in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation in inflamed airways. Much less is known about the physiological significance and mechanisms of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis even though it forms the basis of regulation of eosinophil longevity by pathophysiological factors and pharmacological agents. This review concentrates on discussing the mechanisms of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis compared to those of glucocorticoid- and Fas-induced apoptosis. We aim to answer the question whether the external apoptotic stimuli only augment the ongoing pathway of spontaneous apoptosis or truly activate a specific pathway.
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spelling pubmed-41673132014-10-02 Regulation of Spontaneous Eosinophil Apoptosis—A Neglected Area of Importance Ilmarinen, Pinja Moilanen, Eeva Kankaanranta, Hannu J Cell Death Review Asthma is characterized by the accumulation of eosinophils in the airways in most phenotypes. Eosinophils are inflammatory cells that require an external survival-prolonging stimulus such as granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin (IL)-5, or IL-3 for survival. In their absence, eosinophils are programmed to die by spontaneous apoptosis in a few days. Eosinophil apoptosis can be accelerated by Fas ligation or by pharmacological agents such as glucocorticoids. Evidence exists for the relevance of these survival-prolonging and pro-apoptotic agents in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation in inflamed airways. Much less is known about the physiological significance and mechanisms of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis even though it forms the basis of regulation of eosinophil longevity by pathophysiological factors and pharmacological agents. This review concentrates on discussing the mechanisms of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis compared to those of glucocorticoid- and Fas-induced apoptosis. We aim to answer the question whether the external apoptotic stimuli only augment the ongoing pathway of spontaneous apoptosis or truly activate a specific pathway. Libertas Academica 2014-02-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4167313/ /pubmed/25278781 http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/JCD.S13588 Text en © 2014 the author(s), publisher and licensee Libertas Academica Ltd. This is an open access article published under the Creative Commons CC-BY-NC 3.0 License.
spellingShingle Review
Ilmarinen, Pinja
Moilanen, Eeva
Kankaanranta, Hannu
Regulation of Spontaneous Eosinophil Apoptosis—A Neglected Area of Importance
title Regulation of Spontaneous Eosinophil Apoptosis—A Neglected Area of Importance
title_full Regulation of Spontaneous Eosinophil Apoptosis—A Neglected Area of Importance
title_fullStr Regulation of Spontaneous Eosinophil Apoptosis—A Neglected Area of Importance
title_full_unstemmed Regulation of Spontaneous Eosinophil Apoptosis—A Neglected Area of Importance
title_short Regulation of Spontaneous Eosinophil Apoptosis—A Neglected Area of Importance
title_sort regulation of spontaneous eosinophil apoptosis—a neglected area of importance
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4167313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25278781
http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/JCD.S13588
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