Evaluation of diastolic function by three-dimensional volume tracking of the mitral annulus with cardiovascular magnetic resonance: comparison with tissue Doppler imaging

BACKGROUND: Measurement of mitral annulus (MA) dynamics is an important component of the evaluation of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function; MA velocities are commonly measured using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). This study aimed to examine the clinical potential of a semi-automated cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) technique for quantifying global LV diastolic function, using 3D volume tracking of the MA with conventional cine-CMR images. METHODS: 124 consecutive patients with normal ejection fraction underwent both clinically indicated transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and CMR within 2 months. Interpolated 3D reconstruction of the MA over time was performed with semi-automated atrioventricular junction (AVJ) tracking in long-axis cine-CMR images, producing an MA sweep volume over the cardiac cycle. CMR-based diastolic function was evaluated, using the following parameters: peak volume sweep rates in early diastole (PSR(E)) and atrial systole (PSR(A)), PSR(E)/PSR(A) ratio, deceleration time of sweep volume (DT(SV)), and 50% diastolic sweep volume recovery time (DSVRT(50)); these were compared with TTE diastolic measurements. RESULTS: Patients with TTE-based diastolic dysfunction (n = 62) showed significantly different normalized MA sweep volume profiles compared to those with TTE-based normal diastolic function (n = 62), including a lower PSR(E) (5.25 ± 1.38 s(−1) vs. 7.72 ± 1.7 s(−1)), a higher PSR(A) (6.56 ± 1.99 s(−1) vs. 4.67 ± 1.38 s(−1)), a lower PSR(E)/PSR(A) ratio (0.9 ± 0.44 vs. 1.82 ± 0.69), a longer DT(SV) (144 ± 55 ms vs. 96 ± 37 ms), and a longer DSVRT(50) (25.0 ± 11.0% vs. 15.6 ± 4.0%) (all p < 0.05). CMR diastolic parameters were independent predictors of TTE-based diastolic dysfunction after adjusting for left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Good correlations were observed between CMR PSR(E)/PSR(A) and early-to-late diastolic annular velocity ratios (e′/a′) measured by TDI (r = 0.756 to 0.828, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: 3D MA sweep volumes generated by semi-automated AVJ tracking in routinely acquired CMR images yielded diastolic parameters that were effective in identifying patients with diastolic dysfunction when correlated with TTE-based variables.