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Substrate Induced Denitrification over or under Estimates Shifts in Soil N(2)/N(2)O Ratios

The increase in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N(2)O), a potent greenhouse and ozone depleting gas, is of serious global concern. Soils are large contributors to this increase through microbial processes that are enhanced in agricultural land due to nitrogenous fertilizer applications. Denitrification,...

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Autores principales: Morley, Nicholas J., Richardson, David J., Baggs, Elizabeth M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243844
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108144
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author Morley, Nicholas J.
Richardson, David J.
Baggs, Elizabeth M.
author_facet Morley, Nicholas J.
Richardson, David J.
Baggs, Elizabeth M.
author_sort Morley, Nicholas J.
collection PubMed
description The increase in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N(2)O), a potent greenhouse and ozone depleting gas, is of serious global concern. Soils are large contributors to this increase through microbial processes that are enhanced in agricultural land due to nitrogenous fertilizer applications. Denitrification, a respiratory process using nitrogen oxides as electron acceptors in the absence of oxygen, is the main source of N(2)O. The end product of denitrification is benign dinitrogen (N(2)) and understanding what regulates the shift in ratio of N(2)O and N(2) emission is crucial for mitigation strategies. The role of organic carbon in controlling N(2)O reduction is poorly understood, and mostly based on application of glucose. Here we investigated how a range of carbon compounds (succinate, butyrate, malic acid, acetate, glucose, sucrose and cysteine) affect denitrifier N(2)/N(2)O production stoichiometry under laboratory conditions. The results show that a soil's capability in efficiently reducing N(2)O to N(2) is C substrate dependent and most compounds tested were different in regards to this efficiency compared to glucose. We challenge the concept of using glucose as a model soil C compound in furthering our understanding of denitrification and specifically the efficiency in the N(2)O reductase enzyme. Organic acids, commonly exuded by roots, increased N(2)/N(2)O ratios compared to glucose, and therefore mitigated net N(2)O release and we suggest provides better insights into soil regulatory aspects of N(2)O reduction. The widespread use of glucose in soil laboratory studies could lead to misleading knowledge on the functioning of denitrification in soils with regards to N(2)O reduction.
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spelling pubmed-41715332014-09-25 Substrate Induced Denitrification over or under Estimates Shifts in Soil N(2)/N(2)O Ratios Morley, Nicholas J. Richardson, David J. Baggs, Elizabeth M. PLoS One Research Article The increase in atmospheric nitrous oxide (N(2)O), a potent greenhouse and ozone depleting gas, is of serious global concern. Soils are large contributors to this increase through microbial processes that are enhanced in agricultural land due to nitrogenous fertilizer applications. Denitrification, a respiratory process using nitrogen oxides as electron acceptors in the absence of oxygen, is the main source of N(2)O. The end product of denitrification is benign dinitrogen (N(2)) and understanding what regulates the shift in ratio of N(2)O and N(2) emission is crucial for mitigation strategies. The role of organic carbon in controlling N(2)O reduction is poorly understood, and mostly based on application of glucose. Here we investigated how a range of carbon compounds (succinate, butyrate, malic acid, acetate, glucose, sucrose and cysteine) affect denitrifier N(2)/N(2)O production stoichiometry under laboratory conditions. The results show that a soil's capability in efficiently reducing N(2)O to N(2) is C substrate dependent and most compounds tested were different in regards to this efficiency compared to glucose. We challenge the concept of using glucose as a model soil C compound in furthering our understanding of denitrification and specifically the efficiency in the N(2)O reductase enzyme. Organic acids, commonly exuded by roots, increased N(2)/N(2)O ratios compared to glucose, and therefore mitigated net N(2)O release and we suggest provides better insights into soil regulatory aspects of N(2)O reduction. The widespread use of glucose in soil laboratory studies could lead to misleading knowledge on the functioning of denitrification in soils with regards to N(2)O reduction. Public Library of Science 2014-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4171533/ /pubmed/25243844 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108144 Text en © 2014 Morley et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Morley, Nicholas J.
Richardson, David J.
Baggs, Elizabeth M.
Substrate Induced Denitrification over or under Estimates Shifts in Soil N(2)/N(2)O Ratios
title Substrate Induced Denitrification over or under Estimates Shifts in Soil N(2)/N(2)O Ratios
title_full Substrate Induced Denitrification over or under Estimates Shifts in Soil N(2)/N(2)O Ratios
title_fullStr Substrate Induced Denitrification over or under Estimates Shifts in Soil N(2)/N(2)O Ratios
title_full_unstemmed Substrate Induced Denitrification over or under Estimates Shifts in Soil N(2)/N(2)O Ratios
title_short Substrate Induced Denitrification over or under Estimates Shifts in Soil N(2)/N(2)O Ratios
title_sort substrate induced denitrification over or under estimates shifts in soil n(2)/n(2)o ratios
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25243844
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108144
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