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Age-Dependent Immune Events during HBV Infection from Birth to Adulthood: An Alternative Interpretation
Immune responses change during the life of an individual. While this concept has been well accepted for adaptive immunity, only recently it is becoming clear that the innate immune responses also acquire distinct features in different phases of life. We believe that this concept can offer a differen...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25295036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00441 |
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author | Bertoletti, Antonio Hong, Michelle |
author_facet | Bertoletti, Antonio Hong, Michelle |
author_sort | Bertoletti, Antonio |
collection | PubMed |
description | Immune responses change during the life of an individual. While this concept has been well accepted for adaptive immunity, only recently it is becoming clear that the innate immune responses also acquire distinct features in different phases of life. We believe that this concept can offer a different interpretation of the pathological manifestations that can be observed in HBV-infected subjects during the patient’s life. Here, we will review the age-related immunopathological features of HBV infection and discuss how the different virological and clinical manifestations might be linked to the developmental pathway of the immune system from newborns to adults. We will discuss how the age of patients can affect the degree of inflammatory responses, but not the levels of antiviral specific immunity. We then propose that the different clinical manifestations occurring during the natural history of HBV infection are related to the host ability to trigger an inflammatory immune response. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4172010 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41720102014-10-07 Age-Dependent Immune Events during HBV Infection from Birth to Adulthood: An Alternative Interpretation Bertoletti, Antonio Hong, Michelle Front Immunol Immunology Immune responses change during the life of an individual. While this concept has been well accepted for adaptive immunity, only recently it is becoming clear that the innate immune responses also acquire distinct features in different phases of life. We believe that this concept can offer a different interpretation of the pathological manifestations that can be observed in HBV-infected subjects during the patient’s life. Here, we will review the age-related immunopathological features of HBV infection and discuss how the different virological and clinical manifestations might be linked to the developmental pathway of the immune system from newborns to adults. We will discuss how the age of patients can affect the degree of inflammatory responses, but not the levels of antiviral specific immunity. We then propose that the different clinical manifestations occurring during the natural history of HBV infection are related to the host ability to trigger an inflammatory immune response. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4172010/ /pubmed/25295036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00441 Text en Copyright © 2014 Bertoletti and Hong. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Bertoletti, Antonio Hong, Michelle Age-Dependent Immune Events during HBV Infection from Birth to Adulthood: An Alternative Interpretation |
title | Age-Dependent Immune Events during HBV Infection from Birth to Adulthood: An Alternative Interpretation |
title_full | Age-Dependent Immune Events during HBV Infection from Birth to Adulthood: An Alternative Interpretation |
title_fullStr | Age-Dependent Immune Events during HBV Infection from Birth to Adulthood: An Alternative Interpretation |
title_full_unstemmed | Age-Dependent Immune Events during HBV Infection from Birth to Adulthood: An Alternative Interpretation |
title_short | Age-Dependent Immune Events during HBV Infection from Birth to Adulthood: An Alternative Interpretation |
title_sort | age-dependent immune events during hbv infection from birth to adulthood: an alternative interpretation |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4172010/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25295036 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00441 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT bertolettiantonio agedependentimmuneeventsduringhbvinfectionfrombirthtoadulthoodanalternativeinterpretation AT hongmichelle agedependentimmuneeventsduringhbvinfectionfrombirthtoadulthoodanalternativeinterpretation |