Hydrogen Peroxide- and Nitric Oxide-mediated Disease Control of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum infection and the role of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and nitric oxide in tomato bacterial wilt control were demonstrated. During disease development of tomato bacterial wilt, accumulation of superoxide anion (O(2)(−)) and H(2)O(2) was observed and lipid peroxidation also occurred in the tomato leaf tissues. High doses of H(2)O(2)and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitric oxide donor showed phytotoxicity to detached tomato leaves 1 day after petiole feeding showing reduced fresh weight. Both H(2)O(2)and SNP have in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in a dose-dependent manner, as well as plant protection in detached tomato leaves against bacterial wilt by 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/ml of R. solanacearum. H(2)O(2)- and SNP-mediated protection was also evaluated in pots using soil-drench treatment with the bacterial inoculation, and relative ‘area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC)’ was calculated to compare disease protection by H(2)O(2) and/or SNP with untreated control. Neither H(2)O(2) nor SNP protect the tomato seedlings from the bacterial wilt, but H(2)O(2)+ SNP mixture significantly decreased disease severity with reduced relative AUDPC. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) and SNP could be used together to control bacterial wilt in tomato plants as bactericidal agents.