Cargando…

Attraction of Ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (CO(2))

BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) known as Kala-Azar is a serious systemic disease caused by Leishmania donovani parasites (Trypanosomatidae: Kinetoplastida). The disease is prevalent in the Indian Sub-continent, East Africa and Brazil. In Africa, the worst affected regions are in Sudan, with...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kirstein, Oscar D, Faiman, Roy, Gebreselassie, Araya, Hailu, Asrat, Gebre-Michael, Teshome, Warburg, Alon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305038
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-341
_version_ 1782336596963491840
author Kirstein, Oscar D
Faiman, Roy
Gebreselassie, Araya
Hailu, Asrat
Gebre-Michael, Teshome
Warburg, Alon
author_facet Kirstein, Oscar D
Faiman, Roy
Gebreselassie, Araya
Hailu, Asrat
Gebre-Michael, Teshome
Warburg, Alon
author_sort Kirstein, Oscar D
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) known as Kala-Azar is a serious systemic disease caused by Leishmania donovani parasites (Trypanosomatidae: Kinetoplastida). The disease is prevalent in the Indian Sub-continent, East Africa and Brazil. In Africa, the worst affected regions are in Sudan, with an estimated 15,000-20,000 cases annually and Ethiopia with 5,000-7,000 cases a year. The main vector of VL in Sudan and Northern Ethiopia is Phlebotomus orientalis, a sand fly frequently found in association with Acacia spp and Balanite spp woodlands. METHODS: To optimize sampling of sand flies for epidemiological studies in remote areas we tested different means of attraction. Miniature suction traps employing 2AA batteries (3 V) were deployed in the up-draft orientation and baited with chemical light-sticks (Red, Yellow and Green), or bakers’ yeast in sugar solution (emitting CO(2) and perhaps other attractants). These traps were compared with standard CDC incandescent light traps employing 6 V batteries. Trials were conducted during two consecutive years at different localities around Sheraro, a town in West Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. RESULTS: The sand fly species composition was similar but not identical in the different locations tested with different Sergentomyia spp. predominating. Phlebotomus spp. comprised less than 1% of the catches during the first year trials (November – December 2011) but increased markedly during the second year trials performed later in the dry season at the height of the sand fly season in February 2012. Although there did not appear to be a species bias towards different light wave-lengths, fermenting yeast in sugar solution attracted relatively more Phlebotomus spp. and Sergentomyia schwetzi. CONCLUSIONS: Although the standard 6 V CDC incandescent light traps captured more sand flies, light-weight (~350 g) 3 V suction traps baited with chemical light-sticks were shown to be effective means of monitoring sand flies. Such traps operated without light and baited with yeast in sugar solution caught relatively more Phlebotomus spp.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4176264
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2013
publisher BioMed Central
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-41762642014-09-27 Attraction of Ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (CO(2)) Kirstein, Oscar D Faiman, Roy Gebreselassie, Araya Hailu, Asrat Gebre-Michael, Teshome Warburg, Alon Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) known as Kala-Azar is a serious systemic disease caused by Leishmania donovani parasites (Trypanosomatidae: Kinetoplastida). The disease is prevalent in the Indian Sub-continent, East Africa and Brazil. In Africa, the worst affected regions are in Sudan, with an estimated 15,000-20,000 cases annually and Ethiopia with 5,000-7,000 cases a year. The main vector of VL in Sudan and Northern Ethiopia is Phlebotomus orientalis, a sand fly frequently found in association with Acacia spp and Balanite spp woodlands. METHODS: To optimize sampling of sand flies for epidemiological studies in remote areas we tested different means of attraction. Miniature suction traps employing 2AA batteries (3 V) were deployed in the up-draft orientation and baited with chemical light-sticks (Red, Yellow and Green), or bakers’ yeast in sugar solution (emitting CO(2) and perhaps other attractants). These traps were compared with standard CDC incandescent light traps employing 6 V batteries. Trials were conducted during two consecutive years at different localities around Sheraro, a town in West Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. RESULTS: The sand fly species composition was similar but not identical in the different locations tested with different Sergentomyia spp. predominating. Phlebotomus spp. comprised less than 1% of the catches during the first year trials (November – December 2011) but increased markedly during the second year trials performed later in the dry season at the height of the sand fly season in February 2012. Although there did not appear to be a species bias towards different light wave-lengths, fermenting yeast in sugar solution attracted relatively more Phlebotomus spp. and Sergentomyia schwetzi. CONCLUSIONS: Although the standard 6 V CDC incandescent light traps captured more sand flies, light-weight (~350 g) 3 V suction traps baited with chemical light-sticks were shown to be effective means of monitoring sand flies. Such traps operated without light and baited with yeast in sugar solution caught relatively more Phlebotomus spp. BioMed Central 2013-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC4176264/ /pubmed/24305038 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-341 Text en Copyright © 2013 Kirstein et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Kirstein, Oscar D
Faiman, Roy
Gebreselassie, Araya
Hailu, Asrat
Gebre-Michael, Teshome
Warburg, Alon
Attraction of Ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (CO(2))
title Attraction of Ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (CO(2))
title_full Attraction of Ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (CO(2))
title_fullStr Attraction of Ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (CO(2))
title_full_unstemmed Attraction of Ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (CO(2))
title_short Attraction of Ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (CO(2))
title_sort attraction of ethiopian phlebotomine sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) to light and sugar-yeast mixtures (co(2))
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4176264/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305038
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1756-3305-6-341
work_keys_str_mv AT kirsteinoscard attractionofethiopianphlebotominesandfliesdipterapsychodidaetolightandsugaryeastmixturesco2
AT faimanroy attractionofethiopianphlebotominesandfliesdipterapsychodidaetolightandsugaryeastmixturesco2
AT gebreselassiearaya attractionofethiopianphlebotominesandfliesdipterapsychodidaetolightandsugaryeastmixturesco2
AT hailuasrat attractionofethiopianphlebotominesandfliesdipterapsychodidaetolightandsugaryeastmixturesco2
AT gebremichaelteshome attractionofethiopianphlebotominesandfliesdipterapsychodidaetolightandsugaryeastmixturesco2
AT warburgalon attractionofethiopianphlebotominesandfliesdipterapsychodidaetolightandsugaryeastmixturesco2