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Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico
BACKGROUND: The Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua in Northern Mexico is inhabited by indigenous Raramuris, mestizos, and other ethnic groups. The territory consists of canyons and ravines with pine, oak and pine-oak forests in the higher plateaus. A great diversity of potentially edible mushrooms...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4177763/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25230891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-67 |
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author | Quiñónez-Martínez, Miroslava Ruan-Soto, Felipe Aguilar-Moreno, Ivonne Estela Garza-Ocañas, Fortunato Lebgue-Keleng, Toutcha Lavín-Murcio, Pablo Antonio Enríquez-Anchondo, Irma Delia |
author_facet | Quiñónez-Martínez, Miroslava Ruan-Soto, Felipe Aguilar-Moreno, Ivonne Estela Garza-Ocañas, Fortunato Lebgue-Keleng, Toutcha Lavín-Murcio, Pablo Antonio Enríquez-Anchondo, Irma Delia |
author_sort | Quiñónez-Martínez, Miroslava |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua in Northern Mexico is inhabited by indigenous Raramuris, mestizos, and other ethnic groups. The territory consists of canyons and ravines with pine, oak and pine-oak forests in the higher plateaus. A great diversity of potentially edible mushrooms is found in forests of the Municipalities of Bocoyna and Urique. Their residents are the only consumers of wild mushrooms in the Northern Mexico; they have a long tradition of collecting and eating these during the “rainy season.” However, despite the wide diversity of edible mushrooms that grow in these areas, residents have a selective preference. This paper aims to record evidence of the knowledge and use of wild potentially edible mushroom species by inhabitants of towns in the Sierra Tarahumara of Chihuahua, Mexico. METHOD: Using a semi-structured technique, we surveyed 197 habitants from seven locations in Urique, Bocoyna, and the Cusarare area from 2010 to 2012. Known fungi, local nomenclature, species consumed, preparation methods, appreciation of taste, forms of preservation, criteria for differentiating toxic and edible fungi, other uses, economic aspects, and traditional teaching were recorded. To identify the recognized species, photographic stimuli of 22 local edible species and two toxic species were used. RESULTS: The respondents reported preference for five species: Amanita rubescens, Agaricus campestris, Ustilago maydis, Hypomyces lactifluorum, and the Amanita caesarea complex. No apparent differences were found between ethnic groups in terms of preference, although mestizos used other species in Bocoyna (Boletus edulis and B. pinophilus). Some different uses of fungi are recognized by respondents, i.e. home decorations, medicine, as food in breeding rams, etc. CONCLUSION: The studied population shows a great appreciation towards five species, mainly the A. caesarea complex, and an apparent lack of knowledge of nearly 20 species which are used as food in other areas of Mexico. There are no apparent differences among Sierra inhabitants in terms of gender, occupation, or language regarding the recognition and consumption of species. The rejection of certain species is due mainly to fear of poisoning and the traditional selective teaching of families in the mountain communities of the Sierra Tarahumara. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1746-4269-10-67) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4177763 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41777632014-09-29 Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico Quiñónez-Martínez, Miroslava Ruan-Soto, Felipe Aguilar-Moreno, Ivonne Estela Garza-Ocañas, Fortunato Lebgue-Keleng, Toutcha Lavín-Murcio, Pablo Antonio Enríquez-Anchondo, Irma Delia J Ethnobiol Ethnomed Research BACKGROUND: The Sierra Madre Occidental of Chihuahua in Northern Mexico is inhabited by indigenous Raramuris, mestizos, and other ethnic groups. The territory consists of canyons and ravines with pine, oak and pine-oak forests in the higher plateaus. A great diversity of potentially edible mushrooms is found in forests of the Municipalities of Bocoyna and Urique. Their residents are the only consumers of wild mushrooms in the Northern Mexico; they have a long tradition of collecting and eating these during the “rainy season.” However, despite the wide diversity of edible mushrooms that grow in these areas, residents have a selective preference. This paper aims to record evidence of the knowledge and use of wild potentially edible mushroom species by inhabitants of towns in the Sierra Tarahumara of Chihuahua, Mexico. METHOD: Using a semi-structured technique, we surveyed 197 habitants from seven locations in Urique, Bocoyna, and the Cusarare area from 2010 to 2012. Known fungi, local nomenclature, species consumed, preparation methods, appreciation of taste, forms of preservation, criteria for differentiating toxic and edible fungi, other uses, economic aspects, and traditional teaching were recorded. To identify the recognized species, photographic stimuli of 22 local edible species and two toxic species were used. RESULTS: The respondents reported preference for five species: Amanita rubescens, Agaricus campestris, Ustilago maydis, Hypomyces lactifluorum, and the Amanita caesarea complex. No apparent differences were found between ethnic groups in terms of preference, although mestizos used other species in Bocoyna (Boletus edulis and B. pinophilus). Some different uses of fungi are recognized by respondents, i.e. home decorations, medicine, as food in breeding rams, etc. CONCLUSION: The studied population shows a great appreciation towards five species, mainly the A. caesarea complex, and an apparent lack of knowledge of nearly 20 species which are used as food in other areas of Mexico. There are no apparent differences among Sierra inhabitants in terms of gender, occupation, or language regarding the recognition and consumption of species. The rejection of certain species is due mainly to fear of poisoning and the traditional selective teaching of families in the mountain communities of the Sierra Tarahumara. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1746-4269-10-67) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2014-09-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4177763/ /pubmed/25230891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-67 Text en © Quiñónez-Martínez et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Quiñónez-Martínez, Miroslava Ruan-Soto, Felipe Aguilar-Moreno, Ivonne Estela Garza-Ocañas, Fortunato Lebgue-Keleng, Toutcha Lavín-Murcio, Pablo Antonio Enríquez-Anchondo, Irma Delia Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico |
title | Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico |
title_full | Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico |
title_fullStr | Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico |
title_full_unstemmed | Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico |
title_short | Knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the Sierra Tarahumara, Chihuahua, Mexico |
title_sort | knowledge and use of edible mushrooms in two municipalities of the sierra tarahumara, chihuahua, mexico |
topic | Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4177763/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25230891 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-67 |
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