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Structural Differences Observed in Arboviruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus Genera

Arthropod borne viruses have developed a complex life cycle adapted to alternate between insect and vertebrate hosts. These arthropod-borne viruses belong mainly to the families Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae. This group of viruses contains many pathogens that cause febrile, hemorrhagic...

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Autores principales: Hernandez, Raquel, Brown, Dennis T., Paredes, Angel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4182009/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25309597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/259382
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author Hernandez, Raquel
Brown, Dennis T.
Paredes, Angel
author_facet Hernandez, Raquel
Brown, Dennis T.
Paredes, Angel
author_sort Hernandez, Raquel
collection PubMed
description Arthropod borne viruses have developed a complex life cycle adapted to alternate between insect and vertebrate hosts. These arthropod-borne viruses belong mainly to the families Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae. This group of viruses contains many pathogens that cause febrile, hemorrhagic, and encephalitic disease or arthritic symptoms which can be persistent. It has been appreciated for many years that these viruses were evolutionarily adapted to function in the highly divergent cellular environments of both insect and mammalian phyla. These viruses are hybrid in nature, containing viral-encoded RNA and proteins which are glycosylated by the host and encapsulate viral nucleocapsids in the context of a host-derived membrane. From a structural perspective, these virus particles are macromolecular machines adapted in design to assemble into a packaging and delivery system for the virus genome and, only when associated with the conditions appropriate for a productive infection, to disassemble and deliver the RNA cargo. It was initially assumed that the structures of the virus from both hosts were equivalent. New evidence that alphaviruses and flaviviruses can exist in more than one conformation postenvelopment will be discussed in this review. The data are limited but should refocus the field of structural biology on the metastable nature of these viruses.
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spelling pubmed-41820092014-10-12 Structural Differences Observed in Arboviruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus Genera Hernandez, Raquel Brown, Dennis T. Paredes, Angel Adv Virol Review Article Arthropod borne viruses have developed a complex life cycle adapted to alternate between insect and vertebrate hosts. These arthropod-borne viruses belong mainly to the families Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae. This group of viruses contains many pathogens that cause febrile, hemorrhagic, and encephalitic disease or arthritic symptoms which can be persistent. It has been appreciated for many years that these viruses were evolutionarily adapted to function in the highly divergent cellular environments of both insect and mammalian phyla. These viruses are hybrid in nature, containing viral-encoded RNA and proteins which are glycosylated by the host and encapsulate viral nucleocapsids in the context of a host-derived membrane. From a structural perspective, these virus particles are macromolecular machines adapted in design to assemble into a packaging and delivery system for the virus genome and, only when associated with the conditions appropriate for a productive infection, to disassemble and deliver the RNA cargo. It was initially assumed that the structures of the virus from both hosts were equivalent. New evidence that alphaviruses and flaviviruses can exist in more than one conformation postenvelopment will be discussed in this review. The data are limited but should refocus the field of structural biology on the metastable nature of these viruses. Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2014 2014-09-16 /pmc/articles/PMC4182009/ /pubmed/25309597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/259382 Text en Copyright © 2014 Raquel Hernandez et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Hernandez, Raquel
Brown, Dennis T.
Paredes, Angel
Structural Differences Observed in Arboviruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus Genera
title Structural Differences Observed in Arboviruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus Genera
title_full Structural Differences Observed in Arboviruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus Genera
title_fullStr Structural Differences Observed in Arboviruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus Genera
title_full_unstemmed Structural Differences Observed in Arboviruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus Genera
title_short Structural Differences Observed in Arboviruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus Genera
title_sort structural differences observed in arboviruses of the alphavirus and flavivirus genera
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4182009/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25309597
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/259382
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