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Modes of Transmission of Influenza B Virus in Households

INTRODUCTION: While influenza A and B viruses can be transmitted via respiratory droplets, the importance of small droplet nuclei “aerosols” in transmission is controversial. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In Hong Kong and Bangkok, in 2008–11, subjects were recruited from outpatient clinics if they had recen...

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Autores principales: Cowling, Benjamin J., Ip, Dennis K. M., Fang, Vicky J., Suntarattiwong, Piyarat, Olsen, Sonja J., Levy, Jens, Uyeki, Timothy M., Leung, Gabriel M., Peiris, J. S. Malik, Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee, Nishiura, Hiroshi, Simmerman, J. Mark
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4182555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25268241
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108850
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author Cowling, Benjamin J.
Ip, Dennis K. M.
Fang, Vicky J.
Suntarattiwong, Piyarat
Olsen, Sonja J.
Levy, Jens
Uyeki, Timothy M.
Leung, Gabriel M.
Peiris, J. S. Malik
Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee
Nishiura, Hiroshi
Simmerman, J. Mark
author_facet Cowling, Benjamin J.
Ip, Dennis K. M.
Fang, Vicky J.
Suntarattiwong, Piyarat
Olsen, Sonja J.
Levy, Jens
Uyeki, Timothy M.
Leung, Gabriel M.
Peiris, J. S. Malik
Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee
Nishiura, Hiroshi
Simmerman, J. Mark
author_sort Cowling, Benjamin J.
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: While influenza A and B viruses can be transmitted via respiratory droplets, the importance of small droplet nuclei “aerosols” in transmission is controversial. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In Hong Kong and Bangkok, in 2008–11, subjects were recruited from outpatient clinics if they had recent onset of acute respiratory illness and none of their household contacts were ill. Following a positive rapid influenza diagnostic test result, subjects were randomly allocated to one of three household-based interventions: hand hygiene, hand hygiene plus face masks, and a control group. Index cases plus their household contacts were followed for 7–10 days to identify secondary infections by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of respiratory specimens. Index cases with RT-PCR-confirmed influenza B were included in the present analyses. We used a mathematical model to make inferences on the modes of transmission, facilitated by apparent differences in clinical presentation of secondary infections resulting from aerosol transmission. We estimated that approximately 37% and 26% of influenza B virus transmission was via the aerosol mode in households in Hong Kong and Bangkok, respectively. In the fitted model, influenza B virus infections were associated with a 56%–72% risk of fever plus cough if infected via aerosol route, and a 23%–31% risk of fever plus cough if infected via the other two modes of transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Aerosol transmission may be an important mode of spread of influenza B virus. The point estimates of aerosol transmission were slightly lower for influenza B virus compared to previously published estimates for influenza A virus in both Hong Kong and Bangkok. Caution should be taken in interpreting these findings because of the multiple assumptions inherent in the model, including that there is limited biological evidence to date supporting a difference in the clinical features of influenza B virus infection by different modes.
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spelling pubmed-41825552014-10-07 Modes of Transmission of Influenza B Virus in Households Cowling, Benjamin J. Ip, Dennis K. M. Fang, Vicky J. Suntarattiwong, Piyarat Olsen, Sonja J. Levy, Jens Uyeki, Timothy M. Leung, Gabriel M. Peiris, J. S. Malik Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee Nishiura, Hiroshi Simmerman, J. Mark PLoS One Research Article INTRODUCTION: While influenza A and B viruses can be transmitted via respiratory droplets, the importance of small droplet nuclei “aerosols” in transmission is controversial. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In Hong Kong and Bangkok, in 2008–11, subjects were recruited from outpatient clinics if they had recent onset of acute respiratory illness and none of their household contacts were ill. Following a positive rapid influenza diagnostic test result, subjects were randomly allocated to one of three household-based interventions: hand hygiene, hand hygiene plus face masks, and a control group. Index cases plus their household contacts were followed for 7–10 days to identify secondary infections by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of respiratory specimens. Index cases with RT-PCR-confirmed influenza B were included in the present analyses. We used a mathematical model to make inferences on the modes of transmission, facilitated by apparent differences in clinical presentation of secondary infections resulting from aerosol transmission. We estimated that approximately 37% and 26% of influenza B virus transmission was via the aerosol mode in households in Hong Kong and Bangkok, respectively. In the fitted model, influenza B virus infections were associated with a 56%–72% risk of fever plus cough if infected via aerosol route, and a 23%–31% risk of fever plus cough if infected via the other two modes of transmission. CONCLUSIONS: Aerosol transmission may be an important mode of spread of influenza B virus. The point estimates of aerosol transmission were slightly lower for influenza B virus compared to previously published estimates for influenza A virus in both Hong Kong and Bangkok. Caution should be taken in interpreting these findings because of the multiple assumptions inherent in the model, including that there is limited biological evidence to date supporting a difference in the clinical features of influenza B virus infection by different modes. Public Library of Science 2014-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC4182555/ /pubmed/25268241 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108850 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Public Domain declaration, which stipulates that, once placed in the public domain, this work may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose.
spellingShingle Research Article
Cowling, Benjamin J.
Ip, Dennis K. M.
Fang, Vicky J.
Suntarattiwong, Piyarat
Olsen, Sonja J.
Levy, Jens
Uyeki, Timothy M.
Leung, Gabriel M.
Peiris, J. S. Malik
Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee
Nishiura, Hiroshi
Simmerman, J. Mark
Modes of Transmission of Influenza B Virus in Households
title Modes of Transmission of Influenza B Virus in Households
title_full Modes of Transmission of Influenza B Virus in Households
title_fullStr Modes of Transmission of Influenza B Virus in Households
title_full_unstemmed Modes of Transmission of Influenza B Virus in Households
title_short Modes of Transmission of Influenza B Virus in Households
title_sort modes of transmission of influenza b virus in households
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4182555/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25268241
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0108850
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