In Situ CO(2) Efflux from Leaf Litter Layer Showed Large Temporal Variation Induced by Rapid Wetting and Drying Cycle

We performed continuous and manual in situ measurements of CO(2) efflux from the leaf litter layer (R (LL)) and water content of the leaf litter layer (LWC) in conjunction with measurements of soil respiration (R (S)) and soil water content (SWC) in a temperate forest; our objectives were to evaluate the response of R (LL) to rainfall events and to assess temporal variation in its contribution to R (S). We measured R (LL) in a treatment area from which all potential sources of CO(2) except for the leaf litter layer were removed. Capacitance sensors were used to measure LWC. R (LL) increased immediately after wetting of the leaf litter layer; peak R (LL) values were observed during or one day after rainfall events and were up to 8.6-fold larger than R (LL) prior to rainfall. R (LL) declined to pre-wetting levels within 2–4 day after rainfall events and corresponded to decreasing LWC, indicating that annual R (LL) is strongly influenced by precipitation. Temporal variation in the observed contribution of R (LL) to R (S) varied from nearly zero to 51%. Continuous in situ measurements of LWC and CO(2) efflux from leaf litter only, combined with measurements of R (S), can provide robust data to clarify the response of R (LL) to rainfall events and its contribution to total R (S).