Aggressive renal angiomyolipoma with vena cava extension: A case report and literature review

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is the most common type of benign mesenchymal tumor of the kidney. AMLs typically present as benign lesions without local invasion. However, the tumor may exhibit aggressive behavior. Intravascular extension into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hemorrhagic aneurysm formation associated with AML has rarely been reported in the past. In the current study, the novel case of a 77-year-old female is described who presented with a tumor thrombus extending to the IVC. The patient subsequently underwent a radical nephrectomy and an IVC tumor thrombectomy. In addition, the available literature regarding this unusual complication of a common renal neoplasm has been reviewed. It is essential for radiologists and clinicians to be aware that AMLs may exhibit these types of aggressive behaviors.