Percutaneous coronary intervention causes a rapid but transient mobilisation of CD34(+)CD45(−) cells

OBJECTIVE: Circulating CD34(+)CD45(−) cell concentrations are increased in patients with coronary artery disease, however their pathophysiological significance is unknown. We determined CD34(+)CD45(−) cell concentrations following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in order to explore their role in acute vascular injury. METHODS: In a prospective time-course analysis, we quantified using flow cytometry circulating CD34(+)CD45(−) cells, traditional CD34(+)VEGFR-2(+) putative endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), CD14(+) VEGFR(−) 2(+)Tie-2(+) angiogenic monocytes and intercellular adhesion molecule expression (CXCR-4 and CD18) in patients, before and during the first week following diagnostic angiography (n=13) or PCI (n=23). Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and C reactive protein (CRP) were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: Unlike diagnostic angiography, PCI increased circulating neutrophil and CRP concentrations at 24 and 48 h, respectively (p<0.002 for both). CD34(+)CD45(−) cell concentrations were unaffected by angiography (p>0.4), but were transiently increased 6 h following PCI (median (IQR) 0.93 (0.43–1.49) vs 1.51 (0.96–2.15)×10(6) cells/L; p=0.01), returning to normal by 24 h. This occurred in the absence of any change in serum VEFG-A concentration, adhesion molecule expression on CD34(+) cells, or mobilisation of traditional EPCs or angiogenic monocytes (p>0.1 for all). CONCLUSIONS: PCI transiently increases circulating CD34(+)CD45(−) cells, without increasing CD34(+) adhesion molecule expression or VEGF-A concentrations, suggesting that CD34(+)CD45(−) cells may be mobilised from the vessel wall directly as a result of mechanical injury. Traditional putative EPC and angiogenic monocytes are unaffected by PCI, and are unlikely to be important in the acute response to vascular injury.