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Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo

BACKGROUND: The emergence of avian influenza A/H5N1 in 2003 as well as the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 highlighted the need to establish influenza sentinel surveillance in Togo. The Ministry of Health decided to introduce Influenza to the list of diseases with epidemic potential. By April 2010...

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Autores principales: Maman, Issaka, Badziklou, Kossi, Landoh, Essoya D, Halatoko, Afiwa W, Nzussouo, Talla N, Defang, Gabriel N, Tamekloe, Tsidi A, Kennedy, Pamela J, Thelma, Williams, Kossi, Komlan, Issa, Zoulkarneiri, Kere, Abiba B
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190418/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25239536
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-981
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author Maman, Issaka
Badziklou, Kossi
Landoh, Essoya D
Halatoko, Afiwa W
Nzussouo, Talla N
Defang, Gabriel N
Tamekloe, Tsidi A
Kennedy, Pamela J
Thelma, Williams
Kossi, Komlan
Issa, Zoulkarneiri
Kere, Abiba B
author_facet Maman, Issaka
Badziklou, Kossi
Landoh, Essoya D
Halatoko, Afiwa W
Nzussouo, Talla N
Defang, Gabriel N
Tamekloe, Tsidi A
Kennedy, Pamela J
Thelma, Williams
Kossi, Komlan
Issa, Zoulkarneiri
Kere, Abiba B
author_sort Maman, Issaka
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The emergence of avian influenza A/H5N1 in 2003 as well as the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 highlighted the need to establish influenza sentinel surveillance in Togo. The Ministry of Health decided to introduce Influenza to the list of diseases with epidemic potential. By April 2010, Togo was actively involved in influenza surveillance. This study aims to describe the implementation of ILI surveillance and results obtained from April 2010 to December 2012. METHODS: Two sites were selected based on their accessibility and affordability to patients, their adequate specimen storage capacity and transportation system. Patients with ILI presenting at sentinel sites were enrolled by trained medical staff based on the World Health Organization (WHO) case definitions. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples were collected and they were tested at the National Influenza Reference Laboratory using a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) validated real time RT-PCR protocol. Laboratory results and epidemiological data were reported weekly and shared with all sentinel sites, Ministry of Health, Division of Epidemiology, WHO and CDC/NAMRU-3. RESULTS: From April 2010 to December 2012, a total of 955 samples were collected with 52% of the study population aged between 0 and 4 years. Of the 955 samples, 236 (24.7%) tested positive for influenza viruses; with 136 (14.2%) positive for influenza A and 100 (10.5%) positive for influenza B. The highest influenza positive percentage (30%) was observed in 5–14 years old and patients aged 0–4 and >60 years had the lowest percentage (20%). Clinical symptoms such as cough and rhinorrhea were associated more with ILI patients who were positive for influenza type A than influenza type B. Influenza viruses circulated throughout the year with the positivity rate peaking around the months of January, May and again in October; corresponding respectively to the dry-dusty harmattan season and the long and then the short raining season. The pandemic A (H1N1) pdm09 was the predominantly circulating strain in 2010 while influenza B was the predominantly circulating strain in 2011. The seasonal A/H3N2 was observed throughout 2012 year. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information on influenza epidemiology in the capital city of Togo.
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spelling pubmed-41904182014-10-10 Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo Maman, Issaka Badziklou, Kossi Landoh, Essoya D Halatoko, Afiwa W Nzussouo, Talla N Defang, Gabriel N Tamekloe, Tsidi A Kennedy, Pamela J Thelma, Williams Kossi, Komlan Issa, Zoulkarneiri Kere, Abiba B BMC Public Health Research Article BACKGROUND: The emergence of avian influenza A/H5N1 in 2003 as well as the pandemic influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 highlighted the need to establish influenza sentinel surveillance in Togo. The Ministry of Health decided to introduce Influenza to the list of diseases with epidemic potential. By April 2010, Togo was actively involved in influenza surveillance. This study aims to describe the implementation of ILI surveillance and results obtained from April 2010 to December 2012. METHODS: Two sites were selected based on their accessibility and affordability to patients, their adequate specimen storage capacity and transportation system. Patients with ILI presenting at sentinel sites were enrolled by trained medical staff based on the World Health Organization (WHO) case definitions. Oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal samples were collected and they were tested at the National Influenza Reference Laboratory using a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) validated real time RT-PCR protocol. Laboratory results and epidemiological data were reported weekly and shared with all sentinel sites, Ministry of Health, Division of Epidemiology, WHO and CDC/NAMRU-3. RESULTS: From April 2010 to December 2012, a total of 955 samples were collected with 52% of the study population aged between 0 and 4 years. Of the 955 samples, 236 (24.7%) tested positive for influenza viruses; with 136 (14.2%) positive for influenza A and 100 (10.5%) positive for influenza B. The highest influenza positive percentage (30%) was observed in 5–14 years old and patients aged 0–4 and >60 years had the lowest percentage (20%). Clinical symptoms such as cough and rhinorrhea were associated more with ILI patients who were positive for influenza type A than influenza type B. Influenza viruses circulated throughout the year with the positivity rate peaking around the months of January, May and again in October; corresponding respectively to the dry-dusty harmattan season and the long and then the short raining season. The pandemic A (H1N1) pdm09 was the predominantly circulating strain in 2010 while influenza B was the predominantly circulating strain in 2011. The seasonal A/H3N2 was observed throughout 2012 year. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides information on influenza epidemiology in the capital city of Togo. BioMed Central 2014-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4190418/ /pubmed/25239536 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-981 Text en © Maman et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Maman, Issaka
Badziklou, Kossi
Landoh, Essoya D
Halatoko, Afiwa W
Nzussouo, Talla N
Defang, Gabriel N
Tamekloe, Tsidi A
Kennedy, Pamela J
Thelma, Williams
Kossi, Komlan
Issa, Zoulkarneiri
Kere, Abiba B
Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo
title Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo
title_full Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo
title_fullStr Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo
title_full_unstemmed Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo
title_short Implementation of Influenza-like illness Sentinel Surveillance in Togo
title_sort implementation of influenza-like illness sentinel surveillance in togo
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4190418/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25239536
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-981
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