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FaPOD27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp.)
The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is one of the most preferred fresh fruit worldwide, accumulates numerous flavonoids but has limited shelf life due to excessive tissue softening caused by cell wall degradation. Since lignin is one of the polymers that strengthen plant cell walls and might contri...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191155/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25346738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00518 |
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author | Yeh, Su-Ying Huang, Fong-Chin Hoffmann, Thomas Mayershofer, Mechthild Schwab, Wilfried |
author_facet | Yeh, Su-Ying Huang, Fong-Chin Hoffmann, Thomas Mayershofer, Mechthild Schwab, Wilfried |
author_sort | Yeh, Su-Ying |
collection | PubMed |
description | The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is one of the most preferred fresh fruit worldwide, accumulates numerous flavonoids but has limited shelf life due to excessive tissue softening caused by cell wall degradation. Since lignin is one of the polymers that strengthen plant cell walls and might contribute to some extent to fruit firmness monolignol biosynthesis was studied in strawberry fruit. Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and a peroxidase (POD27) gene were strongly expressed in red, ripe fruit whereas a second POD gene was primarily expressed in green, immature fruit. Moreover, FaPOD27 transcripts were strongly and constitutively induced in fruits exposed to Agrobacterium infection. Gene expression levels and enzymatic activities of FaCCR and FaCAD were efficiently suppressed through RNAi in FaCCR- and FaCAD-silenced strawberries. Besides, significantly elevated FaPOD transcript levels were detected after agroinfiltration of pBI-FaPOD constructs in fruits. At the same time, levels of G-monomers were considerably reduced in FaCCR-silenced fruits whereas the proportion of both G- and S-monomers decisively decreased in FaCAD-silenced and pBI-FaPOD fruits. Development, firmness, and lignin level of the treated fruits were similar to pBI-intron control fruits, presumably attributed to increased expression levels of FaPOD27 upon agroinfiltration. Additionally, enhanced firmness, accompanied with elevated lignin levels, was revealed in chalcone synthase-deficient fruits (CHS(−)), independent of down- or up-regulation of individual and combined FaCCR. FaCAD, and FaPOD genes by agroinfiltration, when compared to CHS(−)/pBI-intron control fruits. These approaches provide further insight into the genetic control of flavonoid and lignin synthesis in strawberries. The results suggest that FaPOD27 is a key gene for lignin biosynthesis in strawberry fruit and thus to improving the firmness of strawberries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4191155 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-41911552014-10-24 FaPOD27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp.) Yeh, Su-Ying Huang, Fong-Chin Hoffmann, Thomas Mayershofer, Mechthild Schwab, Wilfried Front Plant Sci Plant Science The strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is one of the most preferred fresh fruit worldwide, accumulates numerous flavonoids but has limited shelf life due to excessive tissue softening caused by cell wall degradation. Since lignin is one of the polymers that strengthen plant cell walls and might contribute to some extent to fruit firmness monolignol biosynthesis was studied in strawberry fruit. Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and a peroxidase (POD27) gene were strongly expressed in red, ripe fruit whereas a second POD gene was primarily expressed in green, immature fruit. Moreover, FaPOD27 transcripts were strongly and constitutively induced in fruits exposed to Agrobacterium infection. Gene expression levels and enzymatic activities of FaCCR and FaCAD were efficiently suppressed through RNAi in FaCCR- and FaCAD-silenced strawberries. Besides, significantly elevated FaPOD transcript levels were detected after agroinfiltration of pBI-FaPOD constructs in fruits. At the same time, levels of G-monomers were considerably reduced in FaCCR-silenced fruits whereas the proportion of both G- and S-monomers decisively decreased in FaCAD-silenced and pBI-FaPOD fruits. Development, firmness, and lignin level of the treated fruits were similar to pBI-intron control fruits, presumably attributed to increased expression levels of FaPOD27 upon agroinfiltration. Additionally, enhanced firmness, accompanied with elevated lignin levels, was revealed in chalcone synthase-deficient fruits (CHS(−)), independent of down- or up-regulation of individual and combined FaCCR. FaCAD, and FaPOD genes by agroinfiltration, when compared to CHS(−)/pBI-intron control fruits. These approaches provide further insight into the genetic control of flavonoid and lignin synthesis in strawberries. The results suggest that FaPOD27 is a key gene for lignin biosynthesis in strawberry fruit and thus to improving the firmness of strawberries. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4191155/ /pubmed/25346738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00518 Text en Copyright © 2014 Yeh, Huang, Hoffmann, Mayershofer and Schwab. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Yeh, Su-Ying Huang, Fong-Chin Hoffmann, Thomas Mayershofer, Mechthild Schwab, Wilfried FaPOD27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp.) |
title | FaPOD27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp.) |
title_full | FaPOD27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp.) |
title_fullStr | FaPOD27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp.) |
title_full_unstemmed | FaPOD27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp.) |
title_short | FaPOD27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (Fragaria sp.) |
title_sort | fapod27 functions in the metabolism of polyphenols in strawberry fruit (fragaria sp.) |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4191155/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25346738 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00518 |
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