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New Perspectives on Oxidized Genome Damage and Repair Inhibition by Pro-Oxidant Metals in Neurological Diseases

The primary cause(s) of neuronal death in most cases of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are still unknown. However, the association of certain etiological factors, e.g., oxidative stress, protein misfolding/aggregation, redox metal accumulation and various...

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Autores principales: Mitra, Joy, Guerrero, Erika N., Hegde, Pavana M., Wang, Haibo, Boldogh, Istvan, Rao, Kosagi Sharaf, Mitra, Sankar, Hegde, Muralidhar L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4192668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25036887
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom4030678
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author Mitra, Joy
Guerrero, Erika N.
Hegde, Pavana M.
Wang, Haibo
Boldogh, Istvan
Rao, Kosagi Sharaf
Mitra, Sankar
Hegde, Muralidhar L.
author_facet Mitra, Joy
Guerrero, Erika N.
Hegde, Pavana M.
Wang, Haibo
Boldogh, Istvan
Rao, Kosagi Sharaf
Mitra, Sankar
Hegde, Muralidhar L.
author_sort Mitra, Joy
collection PubMed
description The primary cause(s) of neuronal death in most cases of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are still unknown. However, the association of certain etiological factors, e.g., oxidative stress, protein misfolding/aggregation, redox metal accumulation and various types of damage to the genome, to pathological changes in the affected brain region(s) have been consistently observed. While redox metal toxicity received major attention in the last decade, its potential as a therapeutic target is still at a cross-roads, mostly because of the lack of mechanistic understanding of metal dyshomeostasis in affected neurons. Furthermore, previous studies have established the role of metals in causing genome damage, both directly and via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but little was known about their impact on genome repair. Our recent studies demonstrated that excess levels of iron and copper observed in neurodegenerative disease-affected brain neurons could not only induce genome damage in neurons, but also affect their repair by oxidatively inhibiting NEIL DNA glycosylases, which initiate the repair of oxidized DNA bases. The inhibitory effect was reversed by a combination of metal chelators and reducing agents, which underscore the need for elucidating the molecular basis for the neuronal toxicity of metals in order to develop effective therapeutic approaches. In this review, we have focused on the oxidative genome damage repair pathway as a potential target for reducing pro-oxidant metal toxicity in neurological diseases.
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spelling pubmed-41926682014-10-10 New Perspectives on Oxidized Genome Damage and Repair Inhibition by Pro-Oxidant Metals in Neurological Diseases Mitra, Joy Guerrero, Erika N. Hegde, Pavana M. Wang, Haibo Boldogh, Istvan Rao, Kosagi Sharaf Mitra, Sankar Hegde, Muralidhar L. Biomolecules Review The primary cause(s) of neuronal death in most cases of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, are still unknown. However, the association of certain etiological factors, e.g., oxidative stress, protein misfolding/aggregation, redox metal accumulation and various types of damage to the genome, to pathological changes in the affected brain region(s) have been consistently observed. While redox metal toxicity received major attention in the last decade, its potential as a therapeutic target is still at a cross-roads, mostly because of the lack of mechanistic understanding of metal dyshomeostasis in affected neurons. Furthermore, previous studies have established the role of metals in causing genome damage, both directly and via the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but little was known about their impact on genome repair. Our recent studies demonstrated that excess levels of iron and copper observed in neurodegenerative disease-affected brain neurons could not only induce genome damage in neurons, but also affect their repair by oxidatively inhibiting NEIL DNA glycosylases, which initiate the repair of oxidized DNA bases. The inhibitory effect was reversed by a combination of metal chelators and reducing agents, which underscore the need for elucidating the molecular basis for the neuronal toxicity of metals in order to develop effective therapeutic approaches. In this review, we have focused on the oxidative genome damage repair pathway as a potential target for reducing pro-oxidant metal toxicity in neurological diseases. MDPI 2014-07-17 /pmc/articles/PMC4192668/ /pubmed/25036887 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom4030678 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mitra, Joy
Guerrero, Erika N.
Hegde, Pavana M.
Wang, Haibo
Boldogh, Istvan
Rao, Kosagi Sharaf
Mitra, Sankar
Hegde, Muralidhar L.
New Perspectives on Oxidized Genome Damage and Repair Inhibition by Pro-Oxidant Metals in Neurological Diseases
title New Perspectives on Oxidized Genome Damage and Repair Inhibition by Pro-Oxidant Metals in Neurological Diseases
title_full New Perspectives on Oxidized Genome Damage and Repair Inhibition by Pro-Oxidant Metals in Neurological Diseases
title_fullStr New Perspectives on Oxidized Genome Damage and Repair Inhibition by Pro-Oxidant Metals in Neurological Diseases
title_full_unstemmed New Perspectives on Oxidized Genome Damage and Repair Inhibition by Pro-Oxidant Metals in Neurological Diseases
title_short New Perspectives on Oxidized Genome Damage and Repair Inhibition by Pro-Oxidant Metals in Neurological Diseases
title_sort new perspectives on oxidized genome damage and repair inhibition by pro-oxidant metals in neurological diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4192668/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25036887
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom4030678
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