Noninvasive thermographic visualization of the extent of carotid plaque distribution during carotid endarterectomy using an uncooled infrared camera

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative thermographic confirmation of the extent of carotid plaque distribution using an uncooled infrared camera was assessed during carotid endarterectomy (CEA). METHODS: This camera was small, light, and provided high temperature resolution (<0.022 degrees), thus allowing detection of the changes in thermal radiation induced by surface temperature differences. RESULTS: Vascular flow of the artery appeared as a light color, and absence of flow as a dark color. Vascular re-flow was recognized as a bright color. Therefore, vascular flow could be evaluated using the uncooled infrared camera during CEA. The uncooled infrared camera offers real-time information on vascular patency and extent of plaque. Spatial resolution and image quality are satisfactory, and the procedure can be repeated easily and safely. CONCLUSION: We have shown that the uncooled infrared camera could be a new and feasible technology for intraoperative imaging of the vascular flow, and isconsidered to be clinically useful during CEA.