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G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Extranuclear Mediators for the Non-Genomic Actions of Steroids

Steroids hormones possess two distinct actions, a delayed genomic effect and a rapid non-genomic effect. Rapid steroid-triggered signaling is mediated by specific receptors localized most often to the plasma membrane. The nature of these receptors is of great interest and accumulated data suggest th...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Chen, Liu, Yi, Cao, Ji-Min
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4200746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25257522
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915412
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author Wang, Chen
Liu, Yi
Cao, Ji-Min
author_facet Wang, Chen
Liu, Yi
Cao, Ji-Min
author_sort Wang, Chen
collection PubMed
description Steroids hormones possess two distinct actions, a delayed genomic effect and a rapid non-genomic effect. Rapid steroid-triggered signaling is mediated by specific receptors localized most often to the plasma membrane. The nature of these receptors is of great interest and accumulated data suggest that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are appealing candidates. Increasing evidence regarding the interaction between steroids and specific membrane proteins, as well as the involvement of G protein and corresponding downstream signaling, have led to identification of physiologically relevant GPCRs as steroid extranuclear receptors. Examples include G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) for estrogen, membrane progestin receptor for progesterone, G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) and zinc transporter member 9 (ZIP9) for androgen, and trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) for thyroid hormone. These receptor-mediated biological effects have been extended to reproductive development, cardiovascular function, neuroendocrinology and cancer pathophysiology. However, although great progress have been achieved, there are still important questions that need to be answered, including the identities of GPCRs responsible for the remaining steroids (e.g., glucocorticoid), the structural basis of steroids and GPCRs’ interaction and the integration of extranuclear and nuclear signaling to the final physiological function. Here, we reviewed the several significant developments in this field and highlighted a hypothesis that attempts to explain the general interaction between steroids and GPCRs.
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spelling pubmed-42007462014-10-17 G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Extranuclear Mediators for the Non-Genomic Actions of Steroids Wang, Chen Liu, Yi Cao, Ji-Min Int J Mol Sci Review Steroids hormones possess two distinct actions, a delayed genomic effect and a rapid non-genomic effect. Rapid steroid-triggered signaling is mediated by specific receptors localized most often to the plasma membrane. The nature of these receptors is of great interest and accumulated data suggest that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are appealing candidates. Increasing evidence regarding the interaction between steroids and specific membrane proteins, as well as the involvement of G protein and corresponding downstream signaling, have led to identification of physiologically relevant GPCRs as steroid extranuclear receptors. Examples include G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) for estrogen, membrane progestin receptor for progesterone, G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A (GPRC6A) and zinc transporter member 9 (ZIP9) for androgen, and trace amine associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) for thyroid hormone. These receptor-mediated biological effects have been extended to reproductive development, cardiovascular function, neuroendocrinology and cancer pathophysiology. However, although great progress have been achieved, there are still important questions that need to be answered, including the identities of GPCRs responsible for the remaining steroids (e.g., glucocorticoid), the structural basis of steroids and GPCRs’ interaction and the integration of extranuclear and nuclear signaling to the final physiological function. Here, we reviewed the several significant developments in this field and highlighted a hypothesis that attempts to explain the general interaction between steroids and GPCRs. MDPI 2014-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC4200746/ /pubmed/25257522 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915412 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Wang, Chen
Liu, Yi
Cao, Ji-Min
G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Extranuclear Mediators for the Non-Genomic Actions of Steroids
title G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Extranuclear Mediators for the Non-Genomic Actions of Steroids
title_full G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Extranuclear Mediators for the Non-Genomic Actions of Steroids
title_fullStr G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Extranuclear Mediators for the Non-Genomic Actions of Steroids
title_full_unstemmed G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Extranuclear Mediators for the Non-Genomic Actions of Steroids
title_short G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Extranuclear Mediators for the Non-Genomic Actions of Steroids
title_sort g protein-coupled receptors: extranuclear mediators for the non-genomic actions of steroids
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4200746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25257522
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms150915412
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