Cargando…
Extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood
Dendritic spines are the receptive contacts at most excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. Spines are dynamic in the developing brain, changing shape as they mature as well as appearing and disappearing as they make and break connections. Spines become much more stable in adulthood, and...
Autores principales: | , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202714/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25368556 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2014.00116 |
_version_ | 1782340337548656640 |
---|---|
author | Levy, Aaron D. Omar, Mitchell H. Koleske, Anthony J. |
author_facet | Levy, Aaron D. Omar, Mitchell H. Koleske, Anthony J. |
author_sort | Levy, Aaron D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dendritic spines are the receptive contacts at most excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. Spines are dynamic in the developing brain, changing shape as they mature as well as appearing and disappearing as they make and break connections. Spines become much more stable in adulthood, and spine structure must be actively maintained to support established circuit function. At the same time, adult spines must retain some plasticity so their structure can be modified by activity and experience. As such, the regulation of spine stability and remodeling in the adult animal is critical for normal function, and disruption of these processes is associated with a variety of late onset diseases including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of a meshwork of proteins and proteoglycans, is a critical regulator of spine and synapse stability and plasticity. While the role of ECM receptors in spine regulation has been extensively studied, considerably less research has focused directly on the role of specific ECM ligands. Here, we review the evidence for a role of several brain ECM ligands and remodeling proteases in the regulation of dendritic spine and synapse formation, plasticity, and stability in adults. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4202714 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42027142014-11-03 Extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood Levy, Aaron D. Omar, Mitchell H. Koleske, Anthony J. Front Neuroanat Neuroscience Dendritic spines are the receptive contacts at most excitatory synapses in the central nervous system. Spines are dynamic in the developing brain, changing shape as they mature as well as appearing and disappearing as they make and break connections. Spines become much more stable in adulthood, and spine structure must be actively maintained to support established circuit function. At the same time, adult spines must retain some plasticity so their structure can be modified by activity and experience. As such, the regulation of spine stability and remodeling in the adult animal is critical for normal function, and disruption of these processes is associated with a variety of late onset diseases including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease. The extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of a meshwork of proteins and proteoglycans, is a critical regulator of spine and synapse stability and plasticity. While the role of ECM receptors in spine regulation has been extensively studied, considerably less research has focused directly on the role of specific ECM ligands. Here, we review the evidence for a role of several brain ECM ligands and remodeling proteases in the regulation of dendritic spine and synapse formation, plasticity, and stability in adults. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-10-20 /pmc/articles/PMC4202714/ /pubmed/25368556 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2014.00116 Text en Copyright © 2014 Levy, Omar and Koleske. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution and reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Levy, Aaron D. Omar, Mitchell H. Koleske, Anthony J. Extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood |
title | Extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood |
title_full | Extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood |
title_fullStr | Extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood |
title_full_unstemmed | Extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood |
title_short | Extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood |
title_sort | extracellular matrix control of dendritic spine and synapse structure and plasticity in adulthood |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4202714/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25368556 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2014.00116 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT levyaarond extracellularmatrixcontrolofdendriticspineandsynapsestructureandplasticityinadulthood AT omarmitchellh extracellularmatrixcontrolofdendriticspineandsynapsestructureandplasticityinadulthood AT koleskeanthonyj extracellularmatrixcontrolofdendriticspineandsynapsestructureandplasticityinadulthood |