ABA induces H(2)O(2) production in guard cells, but does not close the stomata on Vicia faba leaves developed at high air humidity

Plants developed under constant high (> 85%) relative air humidity (RH) have larger stomata that are unable to close completely. One of the hypotheses for the less responsive stomata is that the plants have reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA). Both ABA and darkness are signals for stomatal closure and induce the production of the secondary messenger hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). In this study, the ability of Vicia faba plants developed in moderate or high RH to close the stomata in response to darkness, ABA and H(2)O(2) was investigated. Moreover, the ability of the plants to produce H(2)O(2) when treated with ABA or transferred to darkness was also assessed. Our results show that the ABA concentration in moderate RH is not increased during darkness even though the stomata are closing. This indicates that stomatal closure in V. faba during darkness is independent of ABA production. ABA induced both H(2)O(2) production and stomatal closure in stomata formed at moderate RH. H(2)O(2) production, as a result of treatment with ABA, was also observed in stomata formed at high RH, though the closing response was considerably smaller as compared with moderate RH. In either RH, leaf ABA concentration was not affected by darkness. Similarly to ABA treatment, darkness elicited both H(2)O(2) production and stomatal closure following plant cultivation at moderate RH. Contrary to this, neither H(2)O(2) production nor stomatal closure took place when stomata were formed at high RH. These results suggest that the reduced stomatal response in plants developed in continuous high RH is caused by one or more factors downstream of H(2)O(2) in the signaling pathway toward stomatal closure.