Impaired T cell survival promotes mucosal inflammatory disease in SHIP1-deficient mice

T cells play a critical role in immune surveillance at mucosal surfaces. SHIP1(−/−) mice succumb to mucosal inflammatory disease that afflicts the lung and small intestine. The basis of this condition has not been defined. Here we show that SHIP1 is required for the normal persistence and survival of T cells in mucosal tissues. We find that CD4 and CD8 effector T cells are reduced, but Treg cells increased in the SI and lungs of SHIP1(−/−) and CD4CreSHIP(flox/flox) mice. Furthermore, a subset of T cells in the SI of SHIP1(−/−) mice are FasL+ and are more susceptible to extrinsic cell death. Mechanistic analyses showed that SHIP1 associates with the death receptor CD95/Fas and treatment with a Caspase8 inhibitor prevents SHIP1 inhibitor mediated T cell death. Notably, mucosal inflammation in SHIP1(−/−) mice is reduced by treatment with a Caspase8 inhibitor. We also find that the incidence of CD and pneumonia are significantly increased in mice with dual T and myeloid lineage SHIP1 deletion, but not in single lineage deleted mice. Thus, by promoting survival of protective T cells, thereby preventing an inflammatory myeloid response, SHIP1 maintains an appropriate balance of innate immune function at mucosal surfaces necessary for immune homeostasis.