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Effects of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride on Sprague-Dawley Rats after Two Weeks of Inhalation Exposure
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used for various purposes, such as a fungicide for coolants, an antiseptic for wood, and disinfectant for cleaning. Despite the increasing likelihood of DDAC inhalation, available data on its toxicity from inhalation are scarce. Therefore, this study was ai...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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The Korean Society Of Toxicology
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4206748/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5487/TR.2014.30.3.205 |
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author | Lim, Cheol-Hong Chung, Yong-Hyun |
author_facet | Lim, Cheol-Hong Chung, Yong-Hyun |
author_sort | Lim, Cheol-Hong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used for various purposes, such as a fungicide for coolants, an antiseptic for wood, and disinfectant for cleaning. Despite the increasing likelihood of DDAC inhalation, available data on its toxicity from inhalation are scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed at confirming the toxicity of DDAC after inhalation exposure for 2 wk. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to approximately 0.15 mg/m(3), 0.6 mg/m(3), and 3.6 mg/m(3) DDAC aerosols in whole-body exposure chambers. After DDAC exposure for 2 wk, effects of DDAC on body weight, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and the lungs were verified. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of DDAC aerosols was 1.86 μm and the geometric standard deviation was 2.75. The concentrations of DDAC aerosols for the low, medium, and high groups were 0.15 ± 0.15 mg/m(3), 0.58 ± 0.40 mg/m(3), and 3.63 ± 1.56 mg/m(3), respectively. Body weight gain was significantly influenced by DDAC exposure. In the high group, a body weight decrease of 2.6 g was observed, whereas a 25.8 g increase was observed in the normal control group after the first 3 days. The low and medium groups showed 23.3 g and 20.4 g increases, respectively, after the first 3 days. Decreases in body weight were recovered during the next 4 days. In contrast, no changes were noted in hematological and blood biochemistry parameters after DDAC exposure. Furthermore, only mild effects were observed on bronchoalveolar cell differentiation counts and cell damage parameters in the BAL fluids of the medium and high groups. Although inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial pneumonia were partially observed, fibrosis was not found in the lungs of the medium and high groups. In conclusion, body weight gain and the lungs were mainly affected by DDAC exposure. The noobserved-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for DDAC was determined as 0.15 mg/m(3). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4206748 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | The Korean Society Of Toxicology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42067482014-10-23 Effects of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride on Sprague-Dawley Rats after Two Weeks of Inhalation Exposure Lim, Cheol-Hong Chung, Yong-Hyun Toxicol Res Articles Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) is used for various purposes, such as a fungicide for coolants, an antiseptic for wood, and disinfectant for cleaning. Despite the increasing likelihood of DDAC inhalation, available data on its toxicity from inhalation are scarce. Therefore, this study was aimed at confirming the toxicity of DDAC after inhalation exposure for 2 wk. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to approximately 0.15 mg/m(3), 0.6 mg/m(3), and 3.6 mg/m(3) DDAC aerosols in whole-body exposure chambers. After DDAC exposure for 2 wk, effects of DDAC on body weight, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and the lungs were verified. The mass median aerodynamic diameter of DDAC aerosols was 1.86 μm and the geometric standard deviation was 2.75. The concentrations of DDAC aerosols for the low, medium, and high groups were 0.15 ± 0.15 mg/m(3), 0.58 ± 0.40 mg/m(3), and 3.63 ± 1.56 mg/m(3), respectively. Body weight gain was significantly influenced by DDAC exposure. In the high group, a body weight decrease of 2.6 g was observed, whereas a 25.8 g increase was observed in the normal control group after the first 3 days. The low and medium groups showed 23.3 g and 20.4 g increases, respectively, after the first 3 days. Decreases in body weight were recovered during the next 4 days. In contrast, no changes were noted in hematological and blood biochemistry parameters after DDAC exposure. Furthermore, only mild effects were observed on bronchoalveolar cell differentiation counts and cell damage parameters in the BAL fluids of the medium and high groups. Although inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial pneumonia were partially observed, fibrosis was not found in the lungs of the medium and high groups. In conclusion, body weight gain and the lungs were mainly affected by DDAC exposure. The noobserved-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for DDAC was determined as 0.15 mg/m(3). The Korean Society Of Toxicology 2014-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4206748/ /pubmed/25343015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5487/TR.2014.30.3.205 Text en Copyright © 2014, The Korean Society Of Toxicology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Articles Lim, Cheol-Hong Chung, Yong-Hyun Effects of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride on Sprague-Dawley Rats after Two Weeks of Inhalation Exposure |
title | Effects of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride on Sprague-Dawley Rats after Two Weeks of Inhalation Exposure |
title_full | Effects of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride on Sprague-Dawley Rats after Two Weeks of Inhalation Exposure |
title_fullStr | Effects of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride on Sprague-Dawley Rats after Two Weeks of Inhalation Exposure |
title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride on Sprague-Dawley Rats after Two Weeks of Inhalation Exposure |
title_short | Effects of Didecyldimethylammonium Chloride on Sprague-Dawley Rats after Two Weeks of Inhalation Exposure |
title_sort | effects of didecyldimethylammonium chloride on sprague-dawley rats after two weeks of inhalation exposure |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4206748/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25343015 http://dx.doi.org/10.5487/TR.2014.30.3.205 |
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