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Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children

Chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS), used in a wide variety of consumer products, are suspected endocrine disrupters although their level of toxicity is thought to be low. Combined exposure may occur through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure, and the...

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Autores principales: Larsson, Kristin, Ljung Björklund, Karin, Palm, Brita, Wennberg, Maria, Kaj, Lennart, Lindh, Christian H., Jönsson, Bo A.G., Berglund, Marika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier Science 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207945/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25216151
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.014
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author Larsson, Kristin
Ljung Björklund, Karin
Palm, Brita
Wennberg, Maria
Kaj, Lennart
Lindh, Christian H.
Jönsson, Bo A.G.
Berglund, Marika
author_facet Larsson, Kristin
Ljung Björklund, Karin
Palm, Brita
Wennberg, Maria
Kaj, Lennart
Lindh, Christian H.
Jönsson, Bo A.G.
Berglund, Marika
author_sort Larsson, Kristin
collection PubMed
description Chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS), used in a wide variety of consumer products, are suspected endocrine disrupters although their level of toxicity is thought to be low. Combined exposure may occur through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure, and their toxic as well as combined effects are poorly understood. The objective of the study was to estimate the exposure to these chemicals in Swedish mothers and their children (6–11 years old) and investigate potential predictors of the exposure. Urine samples from 98 mother–child couples living in either a rural or an urban area were analyzed for the concentrations of four metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), three metabolites of di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), methylparaben (MetP), ethylparaben (EthP), propylparaben (ProP), butylparaben, benzylparaben, BPA, and TCS. Information on sociodemographics, food consumption habits and use of personal care products, obtained via a questionnaire, was used to investigate the associations between the urinary levels of chemicals and potential exposure factors. There were fairly good correlations of biomarker levels between the mothers and their children. The children had generally higher levels of phthalates (geometric mean ΣDEHP 65.5 μg/L; ΣDiNP 37.8 μg/L; MBzP 19.9 μg/L; MnBP 76.9 μg/L) than the mothers (ΣDEHP 38.4 μg/L; ΣDiNP 33.8 μg/L; MBzP 12.8 μg/L; MnBP 63.0 μg/L). Conversely, the mother's levels of parabens (MetP 37.8 μg/L; ProP 13.9 μg/L) and MEP (43.4 μg/L) were higher than the children's levels of parabens (MetP 6.8 μg/L; ProP 2.1 μg/L) and MEP (28.8 μg/L). The urinary levels of low molecular weight phthalates were higher among mothers and children in the rural area (MBzP p = < 0.001; MnBP p = 0.001–0.002), which is probably due to higher presence of PVC in floorings and wall coverings in this area, whereas the levels of parabens were higher among the children in the urban area (MetP p = 0.003; ProP p = 0.004) than in the rural area. The levels of high molecular weight phthalates were associated with consumption of certain foods (i.e. chocolate and ice cream) whereas the levels of parabens were associated with use of cosmetics and personal care products.
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spelling pubmed-42079452014-12-01 Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children Larsson, Kristin Ljung Björklund, Karin Palm, Brita Wennberg, Maria Kaj, Lennart Lindh, Christian H. Jönsson, Bo A.G. Berglund, Marika Environ Int Article Chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS), used in a wide variety of consumer products, are suspected endocrine disrupters although their level of toxicity is thought to be low. Combined exposure may occur through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure, and their toxic as well as combined effects are poorly understood. The objective of the study was to estimate the exposure to these chemicals in Swedish mothers and their children (6–11 years old) and investigate potential predictors of the exposure. Urine samples from 98 mother–child couples living in either a rural or an urban area were analyzed for the concentrations of four metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), three metabolites of di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), methylparaben (MetP), ethylparaben (EthP), propylparaben (ProP), butylparaben, benzylparaben, BPA, and TCS. Information on sociodemographics, food consumption habits and use of personal care products, obtained via a questionnaire, was used to investigate the associations between the urinary levels of chemicals and potential exposure factors. There were fairly good correlations of biomarker levels between the mothers and their children. The children had generally higher levels of phthalates (geometric mean ΣDEHP 65.5 μg/L; ΣDiNP 37.8 μg/L; MBzP 19.9 μg/L; MnBP 76.9 μg/L) than the mothers (ΣDEHP 38.4 μg/L; ΣDiNP 33.8 μg/L; MBzP 12.8 μg/L; MnBP 63.0 μg/L). Conversely, the mother's levels of parabens (MetP 37.8 μg/L; ProP 13.9 μg/L) and MEP (43.4 μg/L) were higher than the children's levels of parabens (MetP 6.8 μg/L; ProP 2.1 μg/L) and MEP (28.8 μg/L). The urinary levels of low molecular weight phthalates were higher among mothers and children in the rural area (MBzP p = < 0.001; MnBP p = 0.001–0.002), which is probably due to higher presence of PVC in floorings and wall coverings in this area, whereas the levels of parabens were higher among the children in the urban area (MetP p = 0.003; ProP p = 0.004) than in the rural area. The levels of high molecular weight phthalates were associated with consumption of certain foods (i.e. chocolate and ice cream) whereas the levels of parabens were associated with use of cosmetics and personal care products. Elsevier Science 2014-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4207945/ /pubmed/25216151 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.014 Text en © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-SA license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Larsson, Kristin
Ljung Björklund, Karin
Palm, Brita
Wennberg, Maria
Kaj, Lennart
Lindh, Christian H.
Jönsson, Bo A.G.
Berglund, Marika
Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children
title Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children
title_full Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children
title_fullStr Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children
title_full_unstemmed Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children
title_short Exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A and triclosan in Swedish mothers and their children
title_sort exposure determinants of phthalates, parabens, bisphenol a and triclosan in swedish mothers and their children
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4207945/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25216151
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2014.08.014
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