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Positive Selection during the Evolution of the Blood Coagulation Factors in the Context of Their Disease-Causing Mutations
Blood coagulation occurs through a cascade of enzymes and cofactors that produces a fibrin clot, while otherwise maintaining hemostasis. The 11 human coagulation factors (FG, FII–FXIII) have been identified across all vertebrates, suggesting that they emerged with the first vertebrates around 500 Ma...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25158795 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu248 |
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author | Rallapalli, Pavithra M. Orengo, Christine A. Studer, Romain A. Perkins, Stephen J. |
author_facet | Rallapalli, Pavithra M. Orengo, Christine A. Studer, Romain A. Perkins, Stephen J. |
author_sort | Rallapalli, Pavithra M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Blood coagulation occurs through a cascade of enzymes and cofactors that produces a fibrin clot, while otherwise maintaining hemostasis. The 11 human coagulation factors (FG, FII–FXIII) have been identified across all vertebrates, suggesting that they emerged with the first vertebrates around 500 Ma. Human FVIII, FIX, and FXI are associated with thousands of disease-causing mutations. Here, we evaluated the strength of selective pressures on the 14 genes coding for the 11 factors during vertebrate evolution, and compared these with human mutations in FVIII, FIX, and FXI. Positive selection was identified for fibrinogen (FG), FIII, FVIII, FIX, and FX in the mammalian Primates and Laurasiatheria and the Sauropsida (reptiles and birds). This showed that the coagulation system in vertebrates was under strong selective pressures, perhaps to adapt against blood-invading pathogens. The comparison of these results with disease-causing mutations reported in FVIII, FIX, and FXI showed that the number of disease-causing mutations, and the probability of positive selection were inversely related to each other. It was concluded that when a site was under positive selection, it was less likely to be associated with disease-causing mutations. In contrast, sites under negative selection were more likely to be associated with disease-causing mutations and be destabilizing. A residue-by-residue comparison of the FVIII, FIX, and FXI sequence alignments confirmed this. This improved understanding of evolutionary changes in FVIII, FIX, and FXI provided greater insight into disease-causing mutations, and better assessments of the codon sites that may be mutated in applications of gene therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4209140 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42091402014-10-28 Positive Selection during the Evolution of the Blood Coagulation Factors in the Context of Their Disease-Causing Mutations Rallapalli, Pavithra M. Orengo, Christine A. Studer, Romain A. Perkins, Stephen J. Mol Biol Evol Discoveries Blood coagulation occurs through a cascade of enzymes and cofactors that produces a fibrin clot, while otherwise maintaining hemostasis. The 11 human coagulation factors (FG, FII–FXIII) have been identified across all vertebrates, suggesting that they emerged with the first vertebrates around 500 Ma. Human FVIII, FIX, and FXI are associated with thousands of disease-causing mutations. Here, we evaluated the strength of selective pressures on the 14 genes coding for the 11 factors during vertebrate evolution, and compared these with human mutations in FVIII, FIX, and FXI. Positive selection was identified for fibrinogen (FG), FIII, FVIII, FIX, and FX in the mammalian Primates and Laurasiatheria and the Sauropsida (reptiles and birds). This showed that the coagulation system in vertebrates was under strong selective pressures, perhaps to adapt against blood-invading pathogens. The comparison of these results with disease-causing mutations reported in FVIII, FIX, and FXI showed that the number of disease-causing mutations, and the probability of positive selection were inversely related to each other. It was concluded that when a site was under positive selection, it was less likely to be associated with disease-causing mutations. In contrast, sites under negative selection were more likely to be associated with disease-causing mutations and be destabilizing. A residue-by-residue comparison of the FVIII, FIX, and FXI sequence alignments confirmed this. This improved understanding of evolutionary changes in FVIII, FIX, and FXI provided greater insight into disease-causing mutations, and better assessments of the codon sites that may be mutated in applications of gene therapy. Oxford University Press 2014-11 2014-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4209140/ /pubmed/25158795 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu248 Text en © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Discoveries Rallapalli, Pavithra M. Orengo, Christine A. Studer, Romain A. Perkins, Stephen J. Positive Selection during the Evolution of the Blood Coagulation Factors in the Context of Their Disease-Causing Mutations |
title | Positive Selection during the Evolution of the Blood Coagulation Factors in the Context of Their Disease-Causing Mutations |
title_full | Positive Selection during the Evolution of the Blood Coagulation Factors in the Context of Their Disease-Causing Mutations |
title_fullStr | Positive Selection during the Evolution of the Blood Coagulation Factors in the Context of Their Disease-Causing Mutations |
title_full_unstemmed | Positive Selection during the Evolution of the Blood Coagulation Factors in the Context of Their Disease-Causing Mutations |
title_short | Positive Selection during the Evolution of the Blood Coagulation Factors in the Context of Their Disease-Causing Mutations |
title_sort | positive selection during the evolution of the blood coagulation factors in the context of their disease-causing mutations |
topic | Discoveries |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25158795 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msu248 |
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