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Medial Efferent Mechanisms in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders
Auditory processing disorder (APD) affects about 2–5% of children. However, the nature of this disorder is poorly understood. Children with APD typically have difficulties in complex listening situations. One mechanism thought to aid in listening-in-noise is the medial olivocochlear (MOC) inhibition...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00860 |
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author | Mishra, Srikanta K. |
author_facet | Mishra, Srikanta K. |
author_sort | Mishra, Srikanta K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Auditory processing disorder (APD) affects about 2–5% of children. However, the nature of this disorder is poorly understood. Children with APD typically have difficulties in complex listening situations. One mechanism thought to aid in listening-in-noise is the medial olivocochlear (MOC) inhibition. The purpose of this review was to critically analyze the published data on MOC inhibition in children with APD to determine whether the MOC efferents are involved in these individuals. The otoacoustic emission (OAE) methods used to assay MOC reflex were examined in the context of the current understanding of OAE generation mechanisms. Relevant literature suggests critical differences in the study population and OAE methods. Variables currently known to influence MOC reflex measurements, for example, middle-ear muscle reflexes or OAE signal-to-noise ratio, were not controlled in most studies. The use of potentially weaker OAE methods and the remarkable heterogeneity across studies does not allow for a definite conclusion whether or not the MOC reflex is altered in children with APD. Further carefully designed studies are needed to confirm the involvement of MOC efferents in APD. Knowledge of efferent functioning in children with APD would be mechanistically and clinically beneficial. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4209830 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42098302014-11-10 Medial Efferent Mechanisms in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders Mishra, Srikanta K. Front Hum Neurosci Neuroscience Auditory processing disorder (APD) affects about 2–5% of children. However, the nature of this disorder is poorly understood. Children with APD typically have difficulties in complex listening situations. One mechanism thought to aid in listening-in-noise is the medial olivocochlear (MOC) inhibition. The purpose of this review was to critically analyze the published data on MOC inhibition in children with APD to determine whether the MOC efferents are involved in these individuals. The otoacoustic emission (OAE) methods used to assay MOC reflex were examined in the context of the current understanding of OAE generation mechanisms. Relevant literature suggests critical differences in the study population and OAE methods. Variables currently known to influence MOC reflex measurements, for example, middle-ear muscle reflexes or OAE signal-to-noise ratio, were not controlled in most studies. The use of potentially weaker OAE methods and the remarkable heterogeneity across studies does not allow for a definite conclusion whether or not the MOC reflex is altered in children with APD. Further carefully designed studies are needed to confirm the involvement of MOC efferents in APD. Knowledge of efferent functioning in children with APD would be mechanistically and clinically beneficial. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-10-27 /pmc/articles/PMC4209830/ /pubmed/25386132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00860 Text en Copyright © 2014 Mishra. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Mishra, Srikanta K. Medial Efferent Mechanisms in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders |
title | Medial Efferent Mechanisms in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders |
title_full | Medial Efferent Mechanisms in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders |
title_fullStr | Medial Efferent Mechanisms in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders |
title_full_unstemmed | Medial Efferent Mechanisms in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders |
title_short | Medial Efferent Mechanisms in Children with Auditory Processing Disorders |
title_sort | medial efferent mechanisms in children with auditory processing disorders |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4209830/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25386132 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00860 |
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