Cargando…

SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is known for the production of potent neurotoxins affecting the health of human seafood consumers via paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the toxin content and the expression level of the genes...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Perini, Federico, Galluzzi, Luca, Dell’Aversano, Carmela, Dello Iacovo, Emma, Tartaglione, Luciana, Ricci, Fabio, Forino, Martino, Ciminiello, Patrizia, Penna, Antonella
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4210898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341029
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md12105258
_version_ 1782341468152659968
author Perini, Federico
Galluzzi, Luca
Dell’Aversano, Carmela
Dello Iacovo, Emma
Tartaglione, Luciana
Ricci, Fabio
Forino, Martino
Ciminiello, Patrizia
Penna, Antonella
author_facet Perini, Federico
Galluzzi, Luca
Dell’Aversano, Carmela
Dello Iacovo, Emma
Tartaglione, Luciana
Ricci, Fabio
Forino, Martino
Ciminiello, Patrizia
Penna, Antonella
author_sort Perini, Federico
collection PubMed
description The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is known for the production of potent neurotoxins affecting the health of human seafood consumers via paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the toxin content and the expression level of the genes involved in paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) production. The algal cultures were grown both in standard f/2 medium and in phosphorus/nitrogen limitation. In our study, LC-HRMS analyses of PST profile and content in different Mediterranean A. minutum strains confirmed that this species was able to synthesize mainly the saxitoxin analogues Gonyautoxin-1 (GTX1) and Gonyautoxin-4 (GTX4). The average cellular toxin content varied among different strains, and between growth phases, highlighting a decreasing trend from exponential to stationary phase in all culture conditions tested. The absolute quantities of intracellular sxtA1 and sxtG mRNA were not correlated with the amount of intracellular toxins in the analysed A. minutum suggesting that the production of toxins may be regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms and/or by the concerted actions of alternative genes belonging to the PST biosynthesis gene cluster. Therefore, it is likely that the sxtA1 and sxtG gene expression could not reflect the PST accumulation in the Mediterranean A. minutum populations under the examined standard and nutrient limiting conditions.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-4210898
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2014
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-42108982014-10-28 SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) Perini, Federico Galluzzi, Luca Dell’Aversano, Carmela Dello Iacovo, Emma Tartaglione, Luciana Ricci, Fabio Forino, Martino Ciminiello, Patrizia Penna, Antonella Mar Drugs Article The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is known for the production of potent neurotoxins affecting the health of human seafood consumers via paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the toxin content and the expression level of the genes involved in paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) production. The algal cultures were grown both in standard f/2 medium and in phosphorus/nitrogen limitation. In our study, LC-HRMS analyses of PST profile and content in different Mediterranean A. minutum strains confirmed that this species was able to synthesize mainly the saxitoxin analogues Gonyautoxin-1 (GTX1) and Gonyautoxin-4 (GTX4). The average cellular toxin content varied among different strains, and between growth phases, highlighting a decreasing trend from exponential to stationary phase in all culture conditions tested. The absolute quantities of intracellular sxtA1 and sxtG mRNA were not correlated with the amount of intracellular toxins in the analysed A. minutum suggesting that the production of toxins may be regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms and/or by the concerted actions of alternative genes belonging to the PST biosynthesis gene cluster. Therefore, it is likely that the sxtA1 and sxtG gene expression could not reflect the PST accumulation in the Mediterranean A. minutum populations under the examined standard and nutrient limiting conditions. MDPI 2014-10-22 /pmc/articles/PMC4210898/ /pubmed/25341029 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md12105258 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Perini, Federico
Galluzzi, Luca
Dell’Aversano, Carmela
Dello Iacovo, Emma
Tartaglione, Luciana
Ricci, Fabio
Forino, Martino
Ciminiello, Patrizia
Penna, Antonella
SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)
title SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)
title_full SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)
title_fullStr SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)
title_full_unstemmed SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)
title_short SxtA and sxtG Gene Expression and Toxin Production in the Mediterranean Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae)
title_sort sxta and sxtg gene expression and toxin production in the mediterranean alexandrium minutum (dinophyceae)
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4210898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341029
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md12105258
work_keys_str_mv AT perinifederico sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae
AT galluzziluca sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae
AT dellaversanocarmela sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae
AT delloiacovoemma sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae
AT tartaglioneluciana sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae
AT riccifabio sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae
AT forinomartino sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae
AT ciminiellopatrizia sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae
AT pennaantonella sxtaandsxtggeneexpressionandtoxinproductioninthemediterraneanalexandriumminutumdinophyceae