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Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry

Virus entry is a complex process characterized by a sequence of events. Since the discovery of KSHV in 1994, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of KSHV entry into its in vitro target cells. KSHV entry is a complex multistep process involving viral envelope glycoproteins and sever...

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Autores principales: Veettil, Mohanan Valiya, Bandyopadhyay, Chirosree, Dutta, Dipanjan, Chandran, Bala
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341665
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v6104024
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author Veettil, Mohanan Valiya
Bandyopadhyay, Chirosree
Dutta, Dipanjan
Chandran, Bala
author_facet Veettil, Mohanan Valiya
Bandyopadhyay, Chirosree
Dutta, Dipanjan
Chandran, Bala
author_sort Veettil, Mohanan Valiya
collection PubMed
description Virus entry is a complex process characterized by a sequence of events. Since the discovery of KSHV in 1994, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of KSHV entry into its in vitro target cells. KSHV entry is a complex multistep process involving viral envelope glycoproteins and several cell surface molecules that is utilized by KSHV for its attachment and entry. KSHV has a broad cell tropism and the attachment and receptor engagement on target cells have an important role in determining the cell type-specific mode of entry. KSHV utilizes heparan sulfate, integrins and EphrinA2 molecules as receptors which results in the activation of host cell pre-existing signal pathways that facilitate the subsequent cascade of events resulting in the rapid entry of virus particles, trafficking towards the nucleus followed by viral and host gene expression. KSHV enters human fibroblast cells by dynamin dependant clathrin mediated endocytosis and by dynamin independent macropinocytosis in dermal endothelial cells. Once internalized into endosomes, fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membranes in an acidification dependent manner results in the release of capsids which subsequently reaches the nuclear pore vicinity leading to the delivery of viral DNA into the nucleus. In this review, we discuss the principal mechanisms that enable KSHV to interact with the host cell surface receptors as well as the mechanisms that are required to modulate cell signaling machinery for a successful entry.
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spelling pubmed-42135762014-10-31 Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry Veettil, Mohanan Valiya Bandyopadhyay, Chirosree Dutta, Dipanjan Chandran, Bala Viruses Review Virus entry is a complex process characterized by a sequence of events. Since the discovery of KSHV in 1994, tremendous progress has been made in our understanding of KSHV entry into its in vitro target cells. KSHV entry is a complex multistep process involving viral envelope glycoproteins and several cell surface molecules that is utilized by KSHV for its attachment and entry. KSHV has a broad cell tropism and the attachment and receptor engagement on target cells have an important role in determining the cell type-specific mode of entry. KSHV utilizes heparan sulfate, integrins and EphrinA2 molecules as receptors which results in the activation of host cell pre-existing signal pathways that facilitate the subsequent cascade of events resulting in the rapid entry of virus particles, trafficking towards the nucleus followed by viral and host gene expression. KSHV enters human fibroblast cells by dynamin dependant clathrin mediated endocytosis and by dynamin independent macropinocytosis in dermal endothelial cells. Once internalized into endosomes, fusion of the viral envelope with the endosomal membranes in an acidification dependent manner results in the release of capsids which subsequently reaches the nuclear pore vicinity leading to the delivery of viral DNA into the nucleus. In this review, we discuss the principal mechanisms that enable KSHV to interact with the host cell surface receptors as well as the mechanisms that are required to modulate cell signaling machinery for a successful entry. MDPI 2014-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4213576/ /pubmed/25341665 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v6104024 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Veettil, Mohanan Valiya
Bandyopadhyay, Chirosree
Dutta, Dipanjan
Chandran, Bala
Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry
title Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry
title_full Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry
title_fullStr Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry
title_full_unstemmed Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry
title_short Interaction of KSHV with Host Cell Surface Receptors and Cell Entry
title_sort interaction of kshv with host cell surface receptors and cell entry
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213576/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341665
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v6104024
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