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Human Viruses and Cancer

The first human tumor virus was discovered in the middle of the last century by Anthony Epstein, Bert Achong and Yvonne Barr in African pediatric patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma. To date, seven viruses -EBV, KSHV, high-risk HPV, MCPV, HBV, HCV and HTLV1- have been consistently linked to different t...

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Autores principales: Morales-Sánchez, Abigail, Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213577/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341666
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v6104047
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author Morales-Sánchez, Abigail
Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M.
author_facet Morales-Sánchez, Abigail
Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M.
author_sort Morales-Sánchez, Abigail
collection PubMed
description The first human tumor virus was discovered in the middle of the last century by Anthony Epstein, Bert Achong and Yvonne Barr in African pediatric patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma. To date, seven viruses -EBV, KSHV, high-risk HPV, MCPV, HBV, HCV and HTLV1- have been consistently linked to different types of human cancer, and infections are estimated to account for up to 20% of all cancer cases worldwide. Viral oncogenic mechanisms generally include: generation of genomic instability, increase in the rate of cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, alterations in DNA repair mechanisms and cell polarity changes, which often coexist with evasion mechanisms of the antiviral immune response. Viral agents also indirectly contribute to the development of cancer mainly through immunosuppression or chronic inflammation, but also through chronic antigenic stimulation. There is also evidence that viruses can modulate the malignant properties of an established tumor. In the present work, causation criteria for viruses and cancer will be described, as well as the viral agents that comply with these criteria in human tumors, their epidemiological and biological characteristics, the molecular mechanisms by which they induce cellular transformation and their associated cancers.
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spelling pubmed-42135772014-10-31 Human Viruses and Cancer Morales-Sánchez, Abigail Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M. Viruses Review The first human tumor virus was discovered in the middle of the last century by Anthony Epstein, Bert Achong and Yvonne Barr in African pediatric patients with Burkitt’s lymphoma. To date, seven viruses -EBV, KSHV, high-risk HPV, MCPV, HBV, HCV and HTLV1- have been consistently linked to different types of human cancer, and infections are estimated to account for up to 20% of all cancer cases worldwide. Viral oncogenic mechanisms generally include: generation of genomic instability, increase in the rate of cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, alterations in DNA repair mechanisms and cell polarity changes, which often coexist with evasion mechanisms of the antiviral immune response. Viral agents also indirectly contribute to the development of cancer mainly through immunosuppression or chronic inflammation, but also through chronic antigenic stimulation. There is also evidence that viruses can modulate the malignant properties of an established tumor. In the present work, causation criteria for viruses and cancer will be described, as well as the viral agents that comply with these criteria in human tumors, their epidemiological and biological characteristics, the molecular mechanisms by which they induce cellular transformation and their associated cancers. MDPI 2014-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC4213577/ /pubmed/25341666 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v6104047 Text en © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Morales-Sánchez, Abigail
Fuentes-Pananá, Ezequiel M.
Human Viruses and Cancer
title Human Viruses and Cancer
title_full Human Viruses and Cancer
title_fullStr Human Viruses and Cancer
title_full_unstemmed Human Viruses and Cancer
title_short Human Viruses and Cancer
title_sort human viruses and cancer
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4213577/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341666
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v6104047
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