Cargando…
Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China
BACKGROUND: Rhynchocypris oxycephalus is a cold water fish with a wide geographic distribution including the relatively warm temperate regions of southern China. It also occurs in second- and third-step geomorphic areas in China. Previous studies have postulated that high-altitude populations of R....
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2014
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219125/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0225-9 |
_version_ | 1782342535973175296 |
---|---|
author | Yu, Dan Chen, Ming Tang, Qiongying Li, Xiaojuan Liu, Huanzhang |
author_facet | Yu, Dan Chen, Ming Tang, Qiongying Li, Xiaojuan Liu, Huanzhang |
author_sort | Yu, Dan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Rhynchocypris oxycephalus is a cold water fish with a wide geographic distribution including the relatively warm temperate regions of southern China. It also occurs in second- and third-step geomorphic areas in China. Previous studies have postulated that high-altitude populations of R. oxycephalus in southern China are Quaternary glacial relics. In this study, we used the mitochondrial gene Cytb and the nuclear gene RAG2 to investigate the species phylogeographical patterns and to test two biogeographic hypotheses: (1) that divergence between lineages supports the three-step model and (2) climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary resulted in the present distribution in southern China. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis detected three major matrilines (A, B, and C); with matrilines B and C being further subdivided into two submatrilines. Based on genetic distances and morphological differences, matriline A potentially represents a cryptic subspecies. The geographic division between matrilines B and C coincided with the division of the second and third geomorphic steps in China, suggesting a historical vicariance event. Pliocene climatic fluctuations might have facilitated the southwards dispersal of R. oxycephalus in matriline C, with the subsequent warming resulting in its split into submatrilines C1 and C2, leaving submatriline C2 as a relic in southern China. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that geological events (three steps orogenesis) and climate fluctuations during the Pliocene were important factors in shaping phylogeographical patterns in R. oxycephalus. Notably, no genetic diversity was detected in several populations, all of which possessed unique genotypes. This indicates the uniqueness of local populations and calls for a special conservation plan for the whole species at the population level. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0225-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4219125 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42191252014-11-05 Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China Yu, Dan Chen, Ming Tang, Qiongying Li, Xiaojuan Liu, Huanzhang BMC Evol Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Rhynchocypris oxycephalus is a cold water fish with a wide geographic distribution including the relatively warm temperate regions of southern China. It also occurs in second- and third-step geomorphic areas in China. Previous studies have postulated that high-altitude populations of R. oxycephalus in southern China are Quaternary glacial relics. In this study, we used the mitochondrial gene Cytb and the nuclear gene RAG2 to investigate the species phylogeographical patterns and to test two biogeographic hypotheses: (1) that divergence between lineages supports the three-step model and (2) climatic fluctuations during the Quaternary resulted in the present distribution in southern China. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis detected three major matrilines (A, B, and C); with matrilines B and C being further subdivided into two submatrilines. Based on genetic distances and morphological differences, matriline A potentially represents a cryptic subspecies. The geographic division between matrilines B and C coincided with the division of the second and third geomorphic steps in China, suggesting a historical vicariance event. Pliocene climatic fluctuations might have facilitated the southwards dispersal of R. oxycephalus in matriline C, with the subsequent warming resulting in its split into submatrilines C1 and C2, leaving submatriline C2 as a relic in southern China. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that geological events (three steps orogenesis) and climate fluctuations during the Pliocene were important factors in shaping phylogeographical patterns in R. oxycephalus. Notably, no genetic diversity was detected in several populations, all of which possessed unique genotypes. This indicates the uniqueness of local populations and calls for a special conservation plan for the whole species at the population level. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-014-0225-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2014-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC4219125/ /pubmed/25344323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0225-9 Text en © Yu et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Yu, Dan Chen, Ming Tang, Qiongying Li, Xiaojuan Liu, Huanzhang Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China |
title | Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China |
title_full | Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China |
title_fullStr | Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China |
title_full_unstemmed | Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China |
title_short | Geological events and Pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China |
title_sort | geological events and pliocene climate fluctuations explain the phylogeographical pattern of the cold water fish rhynchocypris oxycephalus (cypriniformes: cyprinidae) in china |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219125/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25344323 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-014-0225-9 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT yudan geologicaleventsandplioceneclimatefluctuationsexplainthephylogeographicalpatternofthecoldwaterfishrhynchocyprisoxycephaluscypriniformescyprinidaeinchina AT chenming geologicaleventsandplioceneclimatefluctuationsexplainthephylogeographicalpatternofthecoldwaterfishrhynchocyprisoxycephaluscypriniformescyprinidaeinchina AT tangqiongying geologicaleventsandplioceneclimatefluctuationsexplainthephylogeographicalpatternofthecoldwaterfishrhynchocyprisoxycephaluscypriniformescyprinidaeinchina AT lixiaojuan geologicaleventsandplioceneclimatefluctuationsexplainthephylogeographicalpatternofthecoldwaterfishrhynchocyprisoxycephaluscypriniformescyprinidaeinchina AT liuhuanzhang geologicaleventsandplioceneclimatefluctuationsexplainthephylogeographicalpatternofthecoldwaterfishrhynchocyprisoxycephaluscypriniformescyprinidaeinchina |