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Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children
BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which viruses induce asthma exacerbations are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: We characterized fluctuations in nasal aspirate cytokines during naturally occurring respiratory viral infections in children with asthma. METHODS: Sixteen children underwent home collections...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2012
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219353/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23181789 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12005 |
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author | Lewis, T. C. Henderson, T. A. Carpenter, A. R. Ramirez, I. A. McHenry, C. L. Goldsmith, A. M. Ren, X. Mentz, G. B. Mukherjee, B. Robins, T. G. Joiner, T. A. Mohammad, L. S. Nguyen, E. R. Burns, M. A. Burke, D. T. Hershenson, M. B. |
author_facet | Lewis, T. C. Henderson, T. A. Carpenter, A. R. Ramirez, I. A. McHenry, C. L. Goldsmith, A. M. Ren, X. Mentz, G. B. Mukherjee, B. Robins, T. G. Joiner, T. A. Mohammad, L. S. Nguyen, E. R. Burns, M. A. Burke, D. T. Hershenson, M. B. |
author_sort | Lewis, T. C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which viruses induce asthma exacerbations are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: We characterized fluctuations in nasal aspirate cytokines during naturally occurring respiratory viral infections in children with asthma. METHODS: Sixteen children underwent home collections of nasal aspirates when they were without cold symptoms and again during self‐reported respiratory illnesses. The presence of viral infection was ascertained by multiplex PCR. Cytokines were measured using multiplex immune assay. mRNA expression for selected markers of viral infection was measured using RT‐PCR. A cumulative respiratory symptom score was calculated for each day of measurement. Generalized estimated equations were used to evaluate associations between viral infection and marker elevation, and between marker elevation and symptom score. RESULTS: The 16 patients completed a total of 37 weeks of assessment (15 ‘well’ weeks; 22 self‐assessed ‘sick’ weeks). Viral infections were detected in 3 of the ‘well’ weeks and 17 of the ‘sick’ weeks (10 rhinovirus, three coronavirus, two influenza A, two influenza B, two respiratory syncytial virus, one parainfluenza). Compared to virus‐negative well weeks, nasal aspirate IFN‐γ, CXCL8/IL‐8, CXCL10/IP‐10, CCL5/RANTES, CCL11/eotaxin‐1, CCL2/MCP‐1, CCL4/MIP‐1β, CCL7/MCP‐3, and CCL20/MIP3α protein levels increased during virus‐positive sick weeks. Only a subset of cytokines (IFN‐γ, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, and CCL20) correlated with self‐reported respiratory tract symptoms. While many aspirates were dilute and showed no mRNA signal, viral infection significantly increased the number of samples that were positive for IFN‐λ1, IFN‐λ2/3, TLR3, RIG‐I, and IRF7 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We conclude that in children with asthma, naturally occurring viral infections apparently induce a robust innate immune response including expression of specific chemokines, IFNs, and IFN‐responsive genes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4219353 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2012 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42193532014-11-04 Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children Lewis, T. C. Henderson, T. A. Carpenter, A. R. Ramirez, I. A. McHenry, C. L. Goldsmith, A. M. Ren, X. Mentz, G. B. Mukherjee, B. Robins, T. G. Joiner, T. A. Mohammad, L. S. Nguyen, E. R. Burns, M. A. Burke, D. T. Hershenson, M. B. Clin Exp Allergy Original Articles BACKGROUND: The mechanisms by which viruses induce asthma exacerbations are not well understood. OBJECTIVE: We characterized fluctuations in nasal aspirate cytokines during naturally occurring respiratory viral infections in children with asthma. METHODS: Sixteen children underwent home collections of nasal aspirates when they were without cold symptoms and again during self‐reported respiratory illnesses. The presence of viral infection was ascertained by multiplex PCR. Cytokines were measured using multiplex immune assay. mRNA expression for selected markers of viral infection was measured using RT‐PCR. A cumulative respiratory symptom score was calculated for each day of measurement. Generalized estimated equations were used to evaluate associations between viral infection and marker elevation, and between marker elevation and symptom score. RESULTS: The 16 patients completed a total of 37 weeks of assessment (15 ‘well’ weeks; 22 self‐assessed ‘sick’ weeks). Viral infections were detected in 3 of the ‘well’ weeks and 17 of the ‘sick’ weeks (10 rhinovirus, three coronavirus, two influenza A, two influenza B, two respiratory syncytial virus, one parainfluenza). Compared to virus‐negative well weeks, nasal aspirate IFN‐γ, CXCL8/IL‐8, CXCL10/IP‐10, CCL5/RANTES, CCL11/eotaxin‐1, CCL2/MCP‐1, CCL4/MIP‐1β, CCL7/MCP‐3, and CCL20/MIP3α protein levels increased during virus‐positive sick weeks. Only a subset of cytokines (IFN‐γ, CXCL8, CCL2, CCL4, CCL5, and CCL20) correlated with self‐reported respiratory tract symptoms. While many aspirates were dilute and showed no mRNA signal, viral infection significantly increased the number of samples that were positive for IFN‐λ1, IFN‐λ2/3, TLR3, RIG‐I, and IRF7 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We conclude that in children with asthma, naturally occurring viral infections apparently induce a robust innate immune response including expression of specific chemokines, IFNs, and IFN‐responsive genes. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2012-11-26 2012-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4219353/ /pubmed/23181789 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12005 Text en © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Lewis, T. C. Henderson, T. A. Carpenter, A. R. Ramirez, I. A. McHenry, C. L. Goldsmith, A. M. Ren, X. Mentz, G. B. Mukherjee, B. Robins, T. G. Joiner, T. A. Mohammad, L. S. Nguyen, E. R. Burns, M. A. Burke, D. T. Hershenson, M. B. Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children |
title | Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children |
title_full | Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children |
title_fullStr | Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children |
title_full_unstemmed | Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children |
title_short | Nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children |
title_sort | nasal cytokine responses to natural colds in asthmatic children |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4219353/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23181789 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12005 |
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