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Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats
Ficus exasperata have been reported to have wide applications in the treatment of many human diseases. However, its traditional use in the treatment of wounds has not been validated by any scientific study. Also, its safety in the management of chronic disease conditions requires attention. We evalu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2014
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379466 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2225-4110.139105 |
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author | Umeh, Victoria Nonyelum Ilodigwe, Emmanuel Emeka Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna Erhirhie, Earnest Oghenesuvwe Moke, Goodies Emuesiri Akah, Peter Achunike |
author_facet | Umeh, Victoria Nonyelum Ilodigwe, Emmanuel Emeka Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna Erhirhie, Earnest Oghenesuvwe Moke, Goodies Emuesiri Akah, Peter Achunike |
author_sort | Umeh, Victoria Nonyelum |
collection | PubMed |
description | Ficus exasperata have been reported to have wide applications in the treatment of many human diseases. However, its traditional use in the treatment of wounds has not been validated by any scientific study. Also, its safety in the management of chronic disease conditions requires attention. We evaluated the wound-healing activity of the aqueous extract and fractions of F. exasperata, as well as its safety after subchronic oral administration. Similar percentage of wound contraction was observed with 5% w/w extract ointment application and administration of cicatrin powder (standard) on the 4(th) day, while better contraction than the standard was recorded with higher concentrations of the extract ointment. Of all the fractions tested, significant (P < 0.05) contraction was only noticed in chloroform fraction, though lower than that of the aqueous extract. The extract also showed concentration-dependent inhibition of all the tested microbial isolates. Extract administered up to 5000 mg/kg (single dose administration) did not cause any mortality after 24 h. Mortality was, however, recorded at 4000 mg/kg within the first 20 days of subchronic administration of the extract. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and in particular, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed at different doses and time periods. Pathological and histological changes were noticed in the liver and kidney on the 91(st) day of the study with 4000 mg/kg of the extract. Except for the significant (P < 0.05) reduction in WBC on the 91(st) day, no other significant (P < 0.05) changes were observed in other hematological parameters. The aqueous extract demonstrated better wound-healing activity than its fractions; however, the extract may not be safe at higher doses for subchronic oral administration, as may be the case in the management of chronic disease conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4220502 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42205022014-11-06 Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats Umeh, Victoria Nonyelum Ilodigwe, Emmanuel Emeka Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna Erhirhie, Earnest Oghenesuvwe Moke, Goodies Emuesiri Akah, Peter Achunike J Tradit Complement Med Original Research Paper Ficus exasperata have been reported to have wide applications in the treatment of many human diseases. However, its traditional use in the treatment of wounds has not been validated by any scientific study. Also, its safety in the management of chronic disease conditions requires attention. We evaluated the wound-healing activity of the aqueous extract and fractions of F. exasperata, as well as its safety after subchronic oral administration. Similar percentage of wound contraction was observed with 5% w/w extract ointment application and administration of cicatrin powder (standard) on the 4(th) day, while better contraction than the standard was recorded with higher concentrations of the extract ointment. Of all the fractions tested, significant (P < 0.05) contraction was only noticed in chloroform fraction, though lower than that of the aqueous extract. The extract also showed concentration-dependent inhibition of all the tested microbial isolates. Extract administered up to 5000 mg/kg (single dose administration) did not cause any mortality after 24 h. Mortality was, however, recorded at 4000 mg/kg within the first 20 days of subchronic administration of the extract. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and in particular, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were observed at different doses and time periods. Pathological and histological changes were noticed in the liver and kidney on the 91(st) day of the study with 4000 mg/kg of the extract. Except for the significant (P < 0.05) reduction in WBC on the 91(st) day, no other significant (P < 0.05) changes were observed in other hematological parameters. The aqueous extract demonstrated better wound-healing activity than its fractions; however, the extract may not be safe at higher doses for subchronic oral administration, as may be the case in the management of chronic disease conditions. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2014 /pmc/articles/PMC4220502/ /pubmed/25379466 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2225-4110.139105 Text en Copyright: © Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Paper Umeh, Victoria Nonyelum Ilodigwe, Emmanuel Emeka Ajaghaku, Daniel Lotanna Erhirhie, Earnest Oghenesuvwe Moke, Goodies Emuesiri Akah, Peter Achunike Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats |
title | Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats |
title_full | Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats |
title_fullStr | Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats |
title_short | Wound-healing Activity of the Aqueous Leaf Extract and Fractions of Ficus exasperata (Moraceae) and its Safety Evaluation on Albino Rats |
title_sort | wound-healing activity of the aqueous leaf extract and fractions of ficus exasperata (moraceae) and its safety evaluation on albino rats |
topic | Original Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4220502/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25379466 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2225-4110.139105 |
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