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Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea

BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea seems to be one the most common gynecologic condition in women of childbearing age. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to evaluate psychologic and nonpsychologic risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted...

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Autores principales: Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Salmalian, Hajar
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Kowsar 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222008/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25389482
http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.16307
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author Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
Salmalian, Hajar
author_facet Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
Salmalian, Hajar
author_sort Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea seems to be one the most common gynecologic condition in women of childbearing age. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to evaluate psychologic and nonpsychologic risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical sciences students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. In this study, 180 females with dysmenorrhea and 180 females without dysmenorrhea were enrolled. Psychological risk factors were evaluated in four domains including affect, social support, personality, and alexithymia. Four questionnaires were used to assessed aforementioned domains, namely, Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), depression, anxiety, stress (DAS-21), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and NEO-Five Factor Inventory of Personality (NEO-FFI). In addition, nonpsychologic factors were evaluated in three domains including demographic characteristics, habits, and gynecologic factors. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The strongest predictor of primary dysmenorrhea was low social support (OR = 4.25; 95% CI, 2.43-7.41). Risk of dysmenorrhea was approximately 3.3 times higher in women with alexithymia (OR = 3.26; 95% CI, 1.88-5.62), 3.1 times higher in women with menstrual bleeding duration ≥ 7 days (OR = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.73-5.41), 2.5 times higher in women with a neurotic character (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.42-4.50), 2.4 times higher in women with a family history of dysmenorrhea (OR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.42-4.50), and twice higher in women with high caffeine intake (OR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.09-3.59). CONCLUSIONS: Low social support, alexithymia, neuroticism trait, long menstrual bleeding, family history of dysmenorrhea, and high-caffeine diet are important risk factors for women with primary dysmenorrhea. This study recommended considering psychologic factors as an adjuvant to medical risks in evaluation and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
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spelling pubmed-42220082014-11-11 Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea Faramarzi, Mahbobeh Salmalian, Hajar Iran Red Crescent Med J Research Article BACKGROUND: Primary dysmenorrhea seems to be one the most common gynecologic condition in women of childbearing age. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to evaluate psychologic and nonpsychologic risk factors of primary dysmenorrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on medical sciences students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. In this study, 180 females with dysmenorrhea and 180 females without dysmenorrhea were enrolled. Psychological risk factors were evaluated in four domains including affect, social support, personality, and alexithymia. Four questionnaires were used to assessed aforementioned domains, namely, Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ), depression, anxiety, stress (DAS-21), 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and NEO-Five Factor Inventory of Personality (NEO-FFI). In addition, nonpsychologic factors were evaluated in three domains including demographic characteristics, habits, and gynecologic factors. Data were analyzed using the χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The strongest predictor of primary dysmenorrhea was low social support (OR = 4.25; 95% CI, 2.43-7.41). Risk of dysmenorrhea was approximately 3.3 times higher in women with alexithymia (OR = 3.26; 95% CI, 1.88-5.62), 3.1 times higher in women with menstrual bleeding duration ≥ 7 days (OR = 3.06; 95% CI, 1.73-5.41), 2.5 times higher in women with a neurotic character (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.42-4.50), 2.4 times higher in women with a family history of dysmenorrhea (OR = 2.43; 95% CI, 1.42-4.50), and twice higher in women with high caffeine intake (OR = 1.97; 95% CI, 1.09-3.59). CONCLUSIONS: Low social support, alexithymia, neuroticism trait, long menstrual bleeding, family history of dysmenorrhea, and high-caffeine diet are important risk factors for women with primary dysmenorrhea. This study recommended considering psychologic factors as an adjuvant to medical risks in evaluation and treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. Kowsar 2014-08-05 2014-08 /pmc/articles/PMC4222008/ /pubmed/25389482 http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.16307 Text en Copyright © 2014, Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal; Published by Kowsar Corp. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Faramarzi, Mahbobeh
Salmalian, Hajar
Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea
title Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea
title_full Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea
title_fullStr Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea
title_full_unstemmed Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea
title_short Association of Psychologic and Nonpsychologic Factors With Primary Dysmenorrhea
title_sort association of psychologic and nonpsychologic factors with primary dysmenorrhea
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4222008/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25389482
http://dx.doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.16307
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