Oxygen kinetics during 6-minute walk tests in patients with cardiovascular and pulmonary disease

BACKGROUND: The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is representative of daily-life activities and reflects the functional capacity of patients. The change of oxygen uptake (VO(2)) in the initial phase of low-intensity exercise (VO(2) kinetics) can be used to assess submaximal exercise performance of patients. The objective of the following study was to analyse VO(2) kinetics in patients with different pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. In addition, we investigated the extent to which VO(2) kinetics at the onset of the 6MWT were associated with exercise capacity, morbidity and mortality. METHODS: VO(2) kinetics of 204 patients and 16 healthy controls were obtained using mobile telemetric cardiopulmonary monitoring during a 6MWT. A new mean response time (MRT) index (wMRT) was developed to quantify VO(2) kinetics by correcting MRT for work rate. The differences in wMRT between disease categories as well as the association between wMRT and patients’ exercise capacity and outcome - time to hospitalization/death- were tested. RESULTS: The assessment of a robust wMRT was feasible in 86% (244/284) patients. wMRT was increased in patients compared to healthy controls (p <0.001). wMRT was largest in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). There were significant associations between wMRT and exercise capacity in all patients. High wMRT was found to be associated with a high rate of death and re-hospitalization in patients with CHF (p = 0.024). In patients with pulmonary diseases and pulmonary hypertension wMRT was not associated with outcome (p = 0.952). CONCLUSIONS: Submaximal exercise performance of patients is reduced. O(2) kinetics at the onset of exercise are associated with exercise capacity in all patients. wMRT was found to be an important prognostic factor in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), but not with pulmonary diseases.