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Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke

Cell-based therapy, e.g., multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatment, shows promise for the treatment of various diseases. The strong paracrine capacity of these cells and not their differentiation capacity, is the principal mechanism of therapeutic action. MSCs robustly release exosomes,...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Xin, Hongqi, Li, Yi, Chopp, Michael
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226157/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25426026
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00377
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author Xin, Hongqi
Li, Yi
Chopp, Michael
author_facet Xin, Hongqi
Li, Yi
Chopp, Michael
author_sort Xin, Hongqi
collection PubMed
description Cell-based therapy, e.g., multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatment, shows promise for the treatment of various diseases. The strong paracrine capacity of these cells and not their differentiation capacity, is the principal mechanism of therapeutic action. MSCs robustly release exosomes, membrane vesicles (~30–100 nm) originally derived in endosomes as intraluminal vesicles, which contain various molecular constituents including proteins and RNAs from maternal cells. Contained among these constituents, are small non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a key role in mediating biological function due to their prominent role in gene regulation. The release as well as the content of the MSC generated exosomes are modified by environmental conditions. Via exosomes, MSCs transfer their therapeutic factors, especially miRNAs, to recipient cells, and therein alter gene expression and thereby promote therapeutic response. The present review focuses on the paracrine mechanism of MSC exosomes, and the regulation and transfer of exosome content, especially the packaging and transfer of miRNAs which enhance tissue repair and functional recovery. Perspectives on the developing role of MSC mediated transfer of exosomes as a therapeutic approach will also be discussed.
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spelling pubmed-42261572014-11-25 Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke Xin, Hongqi Li, Yi Chopp, Michael Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Cell-based therapy, e.g., multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) treatment, shows promise for the treatment of various diseases. The strong paracrine capacity of these cells and not their differentiation capacity, is the principal mechanism of therapeutic action. MSCs robustly release exosomes, membrane vesicles (~30–100 nm) originally derived in endosomes as intraluminal vesicles, which contain various molecular constituents including proteins and RNAs from maternal cells. Contained among these constituents, are small non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), which play a key role in mediating biological function due to their prominent role in gene regulation. The release as well as the content of the MSC generated exosomes are modified by environmental conditions. Via exosomes, MSCs transfer their therapeutic factors, especially miRNAs, to recipient cells, and therein alter gene expression and thereby promote therapeutic response. The present review focuses on the paracrine mechanism of MSC exosomes, and the regulation and transfer of exosome content, especially the packaging and transfer of miRNAs which enhance tissue repair and functional recovery. Perspectives on the developing role of MSC mediated transfer of exosomes as a therapeutic approach will also be discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-11-10 /pmc/articles/PMC4226157/ /pubmed/25426026 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00377 Text en Copyright © 2014 Xin, Li and Chopp. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Xin, Hongqi
Li, Yi
Chopp, Michael
Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke
title Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke
title_full Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke
title_fullStr Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke
title_full_unstemmed Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke
title_short Exosomes/miRNAs as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke
title_sort exosomes/mirnas as mediating cell-based therapy of stroke
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226157/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25426026
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2014.00377
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