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Spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza

BACKGROUND: Prediction of timing for the onset and peak of an influenza pandemic is of vital importance for preventive measures. In order to identify common spatiotemporal patterns and climate influences for pandemics in Sweden we have studied the propagation in space and time of A(H1N1)pdm09 (10,00...

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Autores principales: Skog, Lars, Linde, Annika, Palmgren, Helena, Hauska, Hans, Elgh, Fredrik
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25011543
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-378
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author Skog, Lars
Linde, Annika
Palmgren, Helena
Hauska, Hans
Elgh, Fredrik
author_facet Skog, Lars
Linde, Annika
Palmgren, Helena
Hauska, Hans
Elgh, Fredrik
author_sort Skog, Lars
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Prediction of timing for the onset and peak of an influenza pandemic is of vital importance for preventive measures. In order to identify common spatiotemporal patterns and climate influences for pandemics in Sweden we have studied the propagation in space and time of A(H1N1)pdm09 (10,000 laboratory verified cases), the Asian Influenza 1957–1958 (275,000 cases of influenza-like illness (ILI), reported by local physicians) and the Russian Influenza 1889–1890 (32,600 ILI cases reported by physicians shortly after the end of the outbreak). METHODS: All cases were geocoded and analysed in space and time. Animated video sequences, showing weekly incidence per municipality and its geographically weighted mean (GWM), were created to depict and compare the spread of the pandemics. Daily data from 1957–1958 on temperature and precipitation from 39 weather stations were collected and analysed with the case data to examine possible climatological effects on the influenza dissemination. RESULTS: The epidemic period lasted 11 weeks for the Russian Influenza, 10 weeks for the Asian Influenza and 9 weeks for the A(H1N1)pdm09. The Russian Influenza arrived in Sweden during the winter and was immediately disseminated, while both the Asian Influenza and the A(H1N1)pdm09 arrived during the spring. They were seeded over the country during the summer, but did not peak until October-November. The weekly GWM of the incidence moved along a line from southwest to northeast for the Russian and Asian Influenza but northeast to southwest for the A(H1N1)pdm09. The local epidemic periods of the Asian Influenza were preceded by falling temperature in all but one of the locations analysed. CONCLUSIONS: The power of spatiotemporal analysis and modeling for pandemic spread was clearly demonstrated. The epidemic period lasted approximately 10 weeks for all pandemics. None of the pandemics had its epidemic period before late autumn. The epidemic period of the Asian Influenza was preceded by falling temperatures. Climate influences on pandemic spread seem important and should be further investigated.
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spelling pubmed-42269392014-11-12 Spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza Skog, Lars Linde, Annika Palmgren, Helena Hauska, Hans Elgh, Fredrik BMC Infect Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Prediction of timing for the onset and peak of an influenza pandemic is of vital importance for preventive measures. In order to identify common spatiotemporal patterns and climate influences for pandemics in Sweden we have studied the propagation in space and time of A(H1N1)pdm09 (10,000 laboratory verified cases), the Asian Influenza 1957–1958 (275,000 cases of influenza-like illness (ILI), reported by local physicians) and the Russian Influenza 1889–1890 (32,600 ILI cases reported by physicians shortly after the end of the outbreak). METHODS: All cases were geocoded and analysed in space and time. Animated video sequences, showing weekly incidence per municipality and its geographically weighted mean (GWM), were created to depict and compare the spread of the pandemics. Daily data from 1957–1958 on temperature and precipitation from 39 weather stations were collected and analysed with the case data to examine possible climatological effects on the influenza dissemination. RESULTS: The epidemic period lasted 11 weeks for the Russian Influenza, 10 weeks for the Asian Influenza and 9 weeks for the A(H1N1)pdm09. The Russian Influenza arrived in Sweden during the winter and was immediately disseminated, while both the Asian Influenza and the A(H1N1)pdm09 arrived during the spring. They were seeded over the country during the summer, but did not peak until October-November. The weekly GWM of the incidence moved along a line from southwest to northeast for the Russian and Asian Influenza but northeast to southwest for the A(H1N1)pdm09. The local epidemic periods of the Asian Influenza were preceded by falling temperature in all but one of the locations analysed. CONCLUSIONS: The power of spatiotemporal analysis and modeling for pandemic spread was clearly demonstrated. The epidemic period lasted approximately 10 weeks for all pandemics. None of the pandemics had its epidemic period before late autumn. The epidemic period of the Asian Influenza was preceded by falling temperatures. Climate influences on pandemic spread seem important and should be further investigated. BioMed Central 2014-07-09 /pmc/articles/PMC4226939/ /pubmed/25011543 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-378 Text en Copyright © 2014 Skog et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Skog, Lars
Linde, Annika
Palmgren, Helena
Hauska, Hans
Elgh, Fredrik
Spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza
title Spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza
title_full Spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza
title_short Spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza
title_sort spatiotemporal characteristics of pandemic influenza
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4226939/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25011543
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-14-378
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