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Cellular scaling rules for the brain of Artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons

Quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of rodent, primate, insectivore, and afrotherian brains has shown that non-neuronal scaling rules are similar across these mammalian orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal sc...

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Autores principales: Kazu, Rodrigo S., Maldonado, José, Mota, Bruno, Manger, Paul R., Herculano-Houzel, Suzana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2014
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4228855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25429261
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2014.00128
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author Kazu, Rodrigo S.
Maldonado, José
Mota, Bruno
Manger, Paul R.
Herculano-Houzel, Suzana
author_facet Kazu, Rodrigo S.
Maldonado, José
Mota, Bruno
Manger, Paul R.
Herculano-Houzel, Suzana
author_sort Kazu, Rodrigo S.
collection PubMed
description Quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of rodent, primate, insectivore, and afrotherian brains has shown that non-neuronal scaling rules are similar across these mammalian orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in a clade-specific manner. Here we analyze the cellular scaling rules that apply to the brain of artiodactyls, a group within the order Cetartiodactyla, believed to be a relatively recent radiation from the common Eutherian ancestor. We find that artiodactyls share non-neuronal scaling rules with all groups analyzed previously. Artiodactyls share with afrotherians and rodents, but not with primates, the neuronal scaling rules that apply to the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The neuronal scaling rules that apply to the remaining brain areas are, however, distinct in artiodactyls. Importantly, we show that the folding index of the cerebral cortex scales with the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex in distinct fashions across artiodactyls, afrotherians, rodents, and primates, such that the artiodactyl cerebral cortex is more convoluted than primate cortices of similar numbers of neurons. Our findings suggest that the scaling rules found to be shared across modern afrotherians, glires, and artiodactyls applied to the common Eutherian ancestor, such as the relationship between the mass of the cerebral cortex as a whole and its number of neurons. In turn, the distribution of neurons along the surface of the cerebral cortex, which is related to its degree of gyrification, appears to be a clade-specific characteristic. If the neuronal scaling rules for artiodactyls extend to all cetartiodactyls, we predict that the large cerebral cortex of cetaceans will still have fewer neurons than the human cerebral cortex.
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spelling pubmed-42288552014-11-26 Cellular scaling rules for the brain of Artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons Kazu, Rodrigo S. Maldonado, José Mota, Bruno Manger, Paul R. Herculano-Houzel, Suzana Front Neuroanat Neuroanatomy Quantitative analysis of the cellular composition of rodent, primate, insectivore, and afrotherian brains has shown that non-neuronal scaling rules are similar across these mammalian orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in a clade-specific manner. Here we analyze the cellular scaling rules that apply to the brain of artiodactyls, a group within the order Cetartiodactyla, believed to be a relatively recent radiation from the common Eutherian ancestor. We find that artiodactyls share non-neuronal scaling rules with all groups analyzed previously. Artiodactyls share with afrotherians and rodents, but not with primates, the neuronal scaling rules that apply to the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The neuronal scaling rules that apply to the remaining brain areas are, however, distinct in artiodactyls. Importantly, we show that the folding index of the cerebral cortex scales with the number of neurons in the cerebral cortex in distinct fashions across artiodactyls, afrotherians, rodents, and primates, such that the artiodactyl cerebral cortex is more convoluted than primate cortices of similar numbers of neurons. Our findings suggest that the scaling rules found to be shared across modern afrotherians, glires, and artiodactyls applied to the common Eutherian ancestor, such as the relationship between the mass of the cerebral cortex as a whole and its number of neurons. In turn, the distribution of neurons along the surface of the cerebral cortex, which is related to its degree of gyrification, appears to be a clade-specific characteristic. If the neuronal scaling rules for artiodactyls extend to all cetartiodactyls, we predict that the large cerebral cortex of cetaceans will still have fewer neurons than the human cerebral cortex. Frontiers Media S.A. 2014-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC4228855/ /pubmed/25429261 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2014.00128 Text en Copyright © 2014 Kazu, Maldonado, Mota, Manger and Herculano-Houzel. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroanatomy
Kazu, Rodrigo S.
Maldonado, José
Mota, Bruno
Manger, Paul R.
Herculano-Houzel, Suzana
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of Artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons
title Cellular scaling rules for the brain of Artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons
title_full Cellular scaling rules for the brain of Artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons
title_fullStr Cellular scaling rules for the brain of Artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons
title_full_unstemmed Cellular scaling rules for the brain of Artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons
title_short Cellular scaling rules for the brain of Artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons
title_sort cellular scaling rules for the brain of artiodactyla include a highly folded cortex with few neurons
topic Neuroanatomy
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4228855/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25429261
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2014.00128
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