High Phylogenetic Diversity of Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 10 and 11 Xylanases in the Sediment of Lake Dabusu in China

Soda lakes are one of the most stable naturally occurring alkaline and saline environments, which harbor abundant microorganisms with diverse functions. In this study, culture-independent molecular methods were used to explore the genetic diversity of glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 10 and GH11 xylanases in Lake Dabusu, a soda lake with a pH value of 10.2 and salinity of 10.1%. A total of 671 xylanase gene fragments were obtained, representing 78 distinct GH10 and 28 GH11 gene fragments respectively, with most of them having low homology with known sequences. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the GH10 xylanase sequences mainly belonged to Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia, while the GH11 sequences mainly consisted of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Fungi. A full-length GH10 xylanase gene (xynAS10-66) was directly cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and the recombinant enzymes showed high activity at alkaline pH. These results suggest that xylanase gene diversity within Lake Dabusu is high and that most of the identified genes might be novel, indicating great potential for applications in industry and agriculture.