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Animal Models of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection

Primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) results in varicella (chickenpox) followed by the establishment of latency in sensory ganglia. Declining T cell immunity due to aging or immune suppressive treatments can lead to VZV reactivation and the development of herpes zoster (HZ, shingles)....

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Autores principales: Haberthur, Kristen, Messaoudi, Ilhem
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2013
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4235715/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25437040
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens2020364
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author Haberthur, Kristen
Messaoudi, Ilhem
author_facet Haberthur, Kristen
Messaoudi, Ilhem
author_sort Haberthur, Kristen
collection PubMed
description Primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) results in varicella (chickenpox) followed by the establishment of latency in sensory ganglia. Declining T cell immunity due to aging or immune suppressive treatments can lead to VZV reactivation and the development of herpes zoster (HZ, shingles). HZ is often associated with significant morbidity and occasionally mortality in elderly and immune compromised patients. There are currently two FDA-approved vaccines for the prevention of VZV: Varivax(®) (for varicella) and Zostavax(®) (for HZ). Both vaccines contain the live-attenuated Oka strain of VZV. Although highly immunogenic, a two-dose regimen is required to achieve a 99% seroconversion rate. Zostavax vaccination reduces the incidence of HZ by 51% within a 3-year period, but a significant reduction in vaccine-induced immunity is observed within the first year after vaccination. Developing more efficacious vaccines and therapeutics requires a better understanding of the host response to VZV. These studies have been hampered by the scarcity of animal models that recapitulate all aspects of VZV infections in humans. In this review, we describe different animal models of VZV infection as well as an alternative animal model that leverages the infection of Old World macaques with the highly related simian varicella virus (SVV) and discuss their contributions to our understanding of pathogenesis and immunity during VZV infection.
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spelling pubmed-42357152014-11-25 Animal Models of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection Haberthur, Kristen Messaoudi, Ilhem Pathogens Review Primary infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV) results in varicella (chickenpox) followed by the establishment of latency in sensory ganglia. Declining T cell immunity due to aging or immune suppressive treatments can lead to VZV reactivation and the development of herpes zoster (HZ, shingles). HZ is often associated with significant morbidity and occasionally mortality in elderly and immune compromised patients. There are currently two FDA-approved vaccines for the prevention of VZV: Varivax(®) (for varicella) and Zostavax(®) (for HZ). Both vaccines contain the live-attenuated Oka strain of VZV. Although highly immunogenic, a two-dose regimen is required to achieve a 99% seroconversion rate. Zostavax vaccination reduces the incidence of HZ by 51% within a 3-year period, but a significant reduction in vaccine-induced immunity is observed within the first year after vaccination. Developing more efficacious vaccines and therapeutics requires a better understanding of the host response to VZV. These studies have been hampered by the scarcity of animal models that recapitulate all aspects of VZV infections in humans. In this review, we describe different animal models of VZV infection as well as an alternative animal model that leverages the infection of Old World macaques with the highly related simian varicella virus (SVV) and discuss their contributions to our understanding of pathogenesis and immunity during VZV infection. MDPI 2013-05-13 /pmc/articles/PMC4235715/ /pubmed/25437040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens2020364 Text en © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Haberthur, Kristen
Messaoudi, Ilhem
Animal Models of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection
title Animal Models of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection
title_full Animal Models of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection
title_fullStr Animal Models of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection
title_full_unstemmed Animal Models of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection
title_short Animal Models of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection
title_sort animal models of varicella zoster virus infection
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4235715/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25437040
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens2020364
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