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A Morphospace for Reef Fishes: Elongation Is the Dominant Axis of Body Shape Evolution
Tropical reef fishes are widely regarded as being perhaps the most morphologically diverse vertebrate assemblage on earth, yet much remains to be discovered about the scope and patterns of this diversity. We created a morphospace of 2,939 species spanning 56 families of tropical Indo-Pacific reef fi...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Public Library of Science
2014
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112732 |
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author | Claverie, Thomas Wainwright, Peter C. |
author_facet | Claverie, Thomas Wainwright, Peter C. |
author_sort | Claverie, Thomas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tropical reef fishes are widely regarded as being perhaps the most morphologically diverse vertebrate assemblage on earth, yet much remains to be discovered about the scope and patterns of this diversity. We created a morphospace of 2,939 species spanning 56 families of tropical Indo-Pacific reef fishes and established the primary axes of body shape variation, the phylogenetic consistency of these patterns, and whether dominant patterns of shape change can be accomplished by diverse underlying changes. Principal component analysis showed a major axis of shape variation that contrasts deep-bodied species with slender, elongate forms. Furthermore, using custom methods to compare the elongation vector (axis that maximizes elongation deformation) and the main vector of shape variation (first principal component) for each family in the morphospace, we showed that two thirds of the families diversify along an axis of body elongation. Finally, a comparative analysis using a principal coordinate analysis based on the angles among first principal component vectors of each family shape showed that families accomplish changes in elongation with a wide range of underlying modifications. Some groups such as Pomacentridae and Lethrinidae undergo decreases in body depth with proportional increases in all body regions, while other families show disproportionate changes in the length of the head (e.g., Labridae), the trunk or caudal region in all combinations (e.g., Pempheridae and Pinguipedidae). In conclusion, we found that evolutionary changes in body shape along an axis of elongation dominates diversification in reef fishes. Changes in shape on this axis are thought to have immediate implications for swimming performance, defense from gape limited predators, suction feeding performance and access to some highly specialized habitats. The morphological modifications that underlie changes in elongation are highly diverse, suggesting a role for a range of developmental processes and functional consequences. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-4237352 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2014 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-42373522014-11-21 A Morphospace for Reef Fishes: Elongation Is the Dominant Axis of Body Shape Evolution Claverie, Thomas Wainwright, Peter C. PLoS One Research Article Tropical reef fishes are widely regarded as being perhaps the most morphologically diverse vertebrate assemblage on earth, yet much remains to be discovered about the scope and patterns of this diversity. We created a morphospace of 2,939 species spanning 56 families of tropical Indo-Pacific reef fishes and established the primary axes of body shape variation, the phylogenetic consistency of these patterns, and whether dominant patterns of shape change can be accomplished by diverse underlying changes. Principal component analysis showed a major axis of shape variation that contrasts deep-bodied species with slender, elongate forms. Furthermore, using custom methods to compare the elongation vector (axis that maximizes elongation deformation) and the main vector of shape variation (first principal component) for each family in the morphospace, we showed that two thirds of the families diversify along an axis of body elongation. Finally, a comparative analysis using a principal coordinate analysis based on the angles among first principal component vectors of each family shape showed that families accomplish changes in elongation with a wide range of underlying modifications. Some groups such as Pomacentridae and Lethrinidae undergo decreases in body depth with proportional increases in all body regions, while other families show disproportionate changes in the length of the head (e.g., Labridae), the trunk or caudal region in all combinations (e.g., Pempheridae and Pinguipedidae). In conclusion, we found that evolutionary changes in body shape along an axis of elongation dominates diversification in reef fishes. Changes in shape on this axis are thought to have immediate implications for swimming performance, defense from gape limited predators, suction feeding performance and access to some highly specialized habitats. The morphological modifications that underlie changes in elongation are highly diverse, suggesting a role for a range of developmental processes and functional consequences. Public Library of Science 2014-11-19 /pmc/articles/PMC4237352/ /pubmed/25409027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112732 Text en © 2014 Claverie, Wainwright http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Claverie, Thomas Wainwright, Peter C. A Morphospace for Reef Fishes: Elongation Is the Dominant Axis of Body Shape Evolution |
title | A Morphospace for Reef Fishes: Elongation Is the Dominant Axis of Body Shape Evolution |
title_full | A Morphospace for Reef Fishes: Elongation Is the Dominant Axis of Body Shape Evolution |
title_fullStr | A Morphospace for Reef Fishes: Elongation Is the Dominant Axis of Body Shape Evolution |
title_full_unstemmed | A Morphospace for Reef Fishes: Elongation Is the Dominant Axis of Body Shape Evolution |
title_short | A Morphospace for Reef Fishes: Elongation Is the Dominant Axis of Body Shape Evolution |
title_sort | morphospace for reef fishes: elongation is the dominant axis of body shape evolution |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4237352/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25409027 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112732 |
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